發(fā)布時間：2018-03-30 06:16

  本文選題：太陽能　切入點：光伏發(fā)電　出處：《華東理工大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文嘗試設(shè)計了一種基于單片機的太陽能光伏系統(tǒng)的自動跟蹤式裝置。在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中使用太陽自動跟蹤裝置能有效提高太陽能的發(fā)電量。因此,本文的研究課題對提高光伏發(fā)電效率和促進光伏發(fā)電的推廣應(yīng)用具有重要的意義。 論文首先介紹了太陽能電池的原理和影響輸出的因素,接著分別說明了獨立光伏系統(tǒng)的各個組成部分,然后介紹了獨立光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)容量的計算方法,使用這種計算方式能使發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的能量利用率提高、成本降低。 目前光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)一般都采用固定安裝的形式,本文設(shè)計的雙軸自動跟蹤裝置以單片機為核心,根據(jù)太陽運行規(guī)律的數(shù)學(xué)公式計算出太陽赤緯角和時角,以此為理論依據(jù),裝置從時鐘芯片中讀取當(dāng)前具體時間,然后通過步進電機驅(qū)動芯片使雙軸跟蹤裝置轉(zhuǎn)動相應(yīng)的角度。一天的東西方向跟蹤結(jié)束以后,還要通過單片機控制東西向的電機回歸初始位置,南北向的電機也要轉(zhuǎn)過計算所得的角度調(diào)整位置,使太陽能電池板一年四季始終朝向太陽位置,從而提高光伏系統(tǒng)的發(fā)電效率 由于本跟蹤裝置在東西向和南北向都是按照時間均勻轉(zhuǎn)動的,而且轉(zhuǎn)動的角度也是通過數(shù)學(xué)公式計算出來的理論值,實際太陽的赤緯角和時角隨著季節(jié)的變化不是均勻的,導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)長時間運轉(zhuǎn)后跟蹤精度會偏移,需要定期進行校正。
[Abstract]:This paper attempts to design an automatic tracking device for solar photovoltaic system based on single chip microcomputer. The use of solar automatic tracking device in photovoltaic power generation system can effectively increase the power generation of solar energy. The research topic of this paper is of great significance to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic generation and promote the popularization and application of photovoltaic power generation. This paper first introduces the principle of solar cells and the factors that affect the output, then explains the components of the independent photovoltaic system, and then introduces the calculation method of the capacity of the independent photovoltaic system. By using this method, the energy efficiency of power generation system can be improved and the cost can be reduced. At present, the photovoltaic power generation system generally adopts the fixed installation form. The two-axis automatic tracking device designed in this paper takes single-chip microcomputer as the core, calculates the solar latitude angle and the time angle according to the mathematical formula of the sun's running law, and takes this as the theoretical basis. The device reads the current time from the clock chip, then uses the stepper motor to drive the device to rotate the corresponding angle. After the east-west tracking of the day is over, They also need to control the east-west direction of the motor to return to its initial position through a single chip microcomputer, and the north-south motor will also turn around the calculated angle and adjust its position so that the solar panels are always facing the sun all the year round. So as to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic system. Since the tracking device rotates uniformly in the east-west and south-north directions, and the rotation angle is calculated by mathematical formula, the actual solar latitude angle and the time angle are not uniform with the seasons. As a result, the tracking accuracy of the system will shift after long time operation, which needs to be corrected regularly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TM914.4;TP368.1

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