本文關(guān)鍵詞： DNA計算 分子信標 粘貼模型 微流控芯片 可滿足性問題 0-1整數(shù)規(guī)劃問題　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1994年,Adleman用DNA分子解決了七節(jié)點的有向Hamilton路徑問題,成功打開了DNA計算研究領(lǐng)域之門。DNA計算機因具有大存儲空間、高并行性和低耗能等特征而成為了科學(xué)界的研究新寵。自DNA計算出現(xiàn)以來,其無論是在模型的設(shè)計上還是在硬件的實現(xiàn)上都有了重大的進展和非凡的成果,這些進展和成果為進一步研究和發(fā)展DNA計算提供了很大的幫助。分子信標是一種寡聚核苷酸探針,它的形狀類似于“發(fā)夾”,擁有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、高靈敏度以及高特異性等特點。分子信標最初用于測量溶液中的靶標數(shù)量,后經(jīng)人們的研究與發(fā)展,分子信標已成為分子生物學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)等研究領(lǐng)域的一種重要研究工具。殷志祥最先提出了利用分子信標的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)來求解組合優(yōu)化問題,本文借鑒殷志祥的求解思路,以分子信標作為DNA計算的載體,做了如下研究,并通過解決一些實際問題來檢驗其效果。首先,根據(jù)分子信標的結(jié)構(gòu)特點,將分子信標與粘貼模型相結(jié)合,把分子信標作為粘貼模型中的粘貼鏈,生成分子信標粘貼模型。該模型與普通的分子信標模型相比的優(yōu)勢在于不需要生物酶的參與也不需要DNA鏈的延長；與普通的粘貼模型相比的優(yōu)勢在于在實際操作中不需再添加熒光探針來檢測DNA鏈的反映結(jié)果。本文將分子信標粘貼模型應(yīng)用于求解可滿足性問題中,并給出具體實例驗證。其次,根據(jù)分子信標的結(jié)構(gòu)特點及微流控芯片技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢,將分子信標與微流控芯片技術(shù)相結(jié)合,在微流控芯片上實現(xiàn)分子信標的計算,建立一種新型分子信標模型。該模型彌補了分子信標在溶液和固體表面的不易操作、誤差大等缺點,為深入研究分子信標提供了更有力的幫助。本文將基于微流控芯片的分子信標模型應(yīng)用于求解0-1整數(shù)規(guī)劃問題中,并給出具體實例驗證。最后,將分子信標、粘貼模型及微流控芯片技術(shù)三者相聯(lián)結(jié),構(gòu)建基于微流控芯片的分子信標粘貼模型。該模型彌補了傳統(tǒng)模型的操作較復(fù)雜、反應(yīng)較慢及誤差較大等不足,而且可以應(yīng)用于更加復(fù)雜的實際問題。
[Abstract]:In 1994, Adleman solved the seven-node directed Hamilton path problem by using DNA molecule, and successfully opened the door of DNA computing research field. The characteristics of high parallelism and low energy consumption have become a new favorite of the scientific community. Since the advent of DNA computing, it has made great progress and remarkable achievements in both the design of models and the implementation of hardware. These advances and achievements have provided a great help in the further study and development of DNA calculations. Molecular beacons are oligonucleotide probes similar in shape to "hairpins" and have simple structures. Molecular beacons were initially used to measure the number of targets in solution. Yin Zhixiang first proposed using the special structure of molecular beacons to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, the molecular beacons are used as the carrier of DNA calculation. Firstly, according to the structural characteristics of molecular beacons, the molecular beacons are combined with the sticker model, and the molecular beacons are used as the sticker chains in the sticker model. The advantages of this model compared with the ordinary molecular beacon model are that it does not require the participation of biological enzymes and the extension of DNA chain. Compared with the common sticker model, the advantage of the molecular beacon sticker model is that it is not necessary to add fluorescence probe to detect the reflection result of DNA chain in practice. In this paper, the molecular beacons sticker model is applied to solve the satisfiability problem. Secondly, according to the structure characteristics of molecular beacons and the advantages of microfluidic chip technology, the molecular beacons are combined with microfluidic chip technology to realize the calculation of molecular beacons on microfluidic chips. A new molecular beacon model is established, which makes up for the disadvantages of the molecular beacons in solutions and solid surfaces, such as difficult operation and large errors. In this paper, the molecular beacon model based on microfluidic chip is applied to solve 0-1 integer programming problem, and an example is given to verify it. A molecular beaconing model based on microfluidic chip is constructed by combining the sticker model and microfluidic chip technology. The model makes up for the shortcomings of the traditional model, such as complex operation, slow response and large error. And can be applied to more complex practical problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP38

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