【摘要】：近年來(lái),數(shù)控機(jī)床加工刀具的三維外形和刃口微觀形狀的設(shè)計(jì)制造以及與切削性能之間關(guān)系的研究日益受到重視,各種先進(jìn)的檢測(cè)技術(shù)和測(cè)量?jī)x器得到大量開(kāi)發(fā)并應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際。對(duì)于外形輪廓比較簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)控刀具,一般采用數(shù)字光學(xué)投影設(shè)備、數(shù)字圖像分析處理系統(tǒng)和激光測(cè)量系統(tǒng)來(lái)進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。對(duì)三維復(fù)雜形狀的數(shù)控刀具精度檢測(cè),通常采用接觸式三坐標(biāo)測(cè)量?jī)x進(jìn)行測(cè)量,該方法測(cè)量精度較高,但是由于機(jī)械探針在測(cè)量過(guò)程中需要與刀具表面接觸,容易損壞探針,且測(cè)量重復(fù)性差。因此,研究一種基于雙目視覺(jué)測(cè)量技術(shù)的非接觸式奧利康制螺旋錐齒輪加工刀具參數(shù)測(cè)量方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)奧制刀條輪廓參數(shù)的精確測(cè)量具有十分重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。機(jī)器視覺(jué)檢測(cè)技術(shù)是一種快速、非接觸式測(cè)量方法,已被廣泛應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量檢測(cè)、三維表面輪廓測(cè)量等領(lǐng)域。機(jī)器視覺(jué)也被用于齒輪加工刀具一般參數(shù)的測(cè)量,但是普遍采用的是基于單目視覺(jué)的二維平面測(cè)量,受攝像機(jī)本身性能、刀具拍攝角度及光照條件影響較大,精度不高且不能獲得刀具的二維輪廓數(shù)據(jù),已經(jīng)難以滿足目前生產(chǎn)加工企業(yè)的迫切需要。本文采用基于雙目視覺(jué)的物體三維輪廓檢測(cè)技術(shù),初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)刀具三維輪廓參數(shù)的非接觸無(wú)損快速檢測(cè)并設(shè)計(jì)完善了測(cè)量系統(tǒng),提高了測(cè)量速度和測(cè)量精度。本論文主要內(nèi)容包括：1)介紹本課題的研究意義及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀；2)圍繞奧制齒輪刀具參數(shù)測(cè)量,研究并論述了單攝像機(jī)標(biāo)定、雙攝像機(jī)標(biāo)定、圖像預(yù)處理、雙目極線校正、特征點(diǎn)匹配和三維重構(gòu)理論；3)研究了測(cè)量方法并對(duì)奧制刀條參數(shù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)硬件進(jìn)行了初步設(shè)計(jì)；4)根據(jù)理論研究,對(duì)奧制刀條參數(shù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)軟件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與編程,通過(guò)圖像采集、邊緣輪廓提取、特征點(diǎn)提取、三維重構(gòu),以及奧制刀條參數(shù)測(cè)量顯示及輸出等,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)奧制刀條主要參數(shù)的測(cè)量；5)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)奧制刀條參數(shù)測(cè)量方法、測(cè)量系統(tǒng)的軟件進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,包括攝像機(jī)標(biāo)定精度驗(yàn)證、刀條參數(shù)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)精度驗(yàn)證等。
[Abstract]:In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the design and manufacture of 3D shape and micro shape of cutting tool and the relationship between 3D shape and cutting performance of NC machine tool. A variety of advanced detection techniques and measuring instruments have been developed and applied in production practice. For NC tools with simple outline, digital optical projection equipment, digital image analysis and processing system and laser measurement system are generally used to detect. The three-dimensional complex shape NC tool accuracy detection is usually measured by contact three-dimensional coordinate measuring instrument. This method has high measurement accuracy, but because the mechanical probe needs to contact the tool surface in the measurement process, it is easy to damage the probe and the measurement repeatability is poor. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study a non-contact tool parameter measurement method for spiral bevel gear machining based on binocular vision measurement technology, and it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to realize the accurate measurement of the profile parameters of Austrian cutter strips. Machine vision detection technology is a fast and contactless measurement method, which has been widely used in product quality detection, three-dimensional surface profile measurement and other fields. Machine vision is also used to measure the general parameters of gear machining tools, but it is widely used in two-dimensional plane measurement based on monocular vision. Because of the camera's own performance, tool shooting angle and lighting conditions, the accuracy is not high and the two-dimensional profile data of cutting tools can not be obtained, which has been difficult to meet the urgent needs of current production and processing enterprises. In this paper, the 3D profile detection technology based on binocular vision is used to realize the non-contact nondestructive detection of tool 3D profile parameters, and the measurement system is designed and perfected, which improves the measurement speed and accuracy. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1) the research significance of this topic and the research status at home and abroad are introduced; 2) focusing on the measurement of Austrian gear tool parameters, the theories of single camera calibration, double camera calibration, image preprocessing, binocular polar line correction, feature point matching and 3D reconstruction are studied and discussed. 3) the measurement method is studied and the hardware of the Austrian cutter bar parameter measurement system is designed. 4) according to the theoretical research, the software of the Austrian blade parameter measurement system is designed and programmed. Through image acquisition, edge outline extraction, feature point extraction, three-dimensional reconstruction, as well as the measurement display and output of the Austrian blade parameter, the measurement of the main parameters of the Austrian blade is realized. 5) through experiments, the measurement method of Austrian blade parameters and the software of the measurement system are verified, including camera calibration accuracy verification, blade parameter measurement system accuracy verification and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG721;TP391.41

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