【摘要】：數(shù)控漸進成形技術(shù)作為一種柔性加工技術(shù),因其能快速制造出復(fù)雜鈑金件而逐漸發(fā)展起來。在發(fā)展的同時也存在一些問題,如成形精度問題。反彈是制約板材件成形精度的關(guān)鍵問題,解決反彈的傳統(tǒng)方法是實驗法,根據(jù)測量的反彈量進行補償,但是由于引起反彈的諸多因素的復(fù)雜性,一次補償往往難以達到精度要求,而多次實驗則浪費時間與物力,因此本文提出一種基于數(shù)字模擬顯/隱式有限元分析的反彈量預(yù)測與補償成形軌跡生成方法,并開發(fā)一種專門的軌跡生成軟件系統(tǒng)。本文將板材件的反彈分為成形過程中的反彈和卸載以后的反彈。首先,由待成形件生成第一個成形軌跡,以該軌跡的刀位點進行顯式有限元分析模擬板材成形過程中的反彈,利用顯式分析的結(jié)果進行隱式有限元分析模擬卸載以后的反彈。其次,從隱式有限元分析的結(jié)果中導(dǎo)出板材件模型所有節(jié)點的坐標(biāo),進而對反彈模擬后的板材件曲面進行重建,將曲面重建模型與理論模型進行比較,計算出法向反彈偏差值。第三,根據(jù)法向反彈偏差值將理論模型不等距偏置生成補償面與成形軌跡,利用該軌跡點再次進行有限元分析,重復(fù)以上過程直至滿足用戶設(shè)定的尺寸精度要求為止。第四,針對多次補償過程中補償距離的不同提出補償?shù)惴ㄒ约岸啻窝a償過程中出現(xiàn)的補償面不光滑的問題提出平滑處理算法。同時本文開發(fā)了基于VC++6.0,MFC類與OPenGL可視化平臺的軟件系統(tǒng),能夠較系統(tǒng)地實現(xiàn)等高線軌跡生成、曲面重建、反彈偏差計算、補償面成形軌跡生成等功能。最后,從有限元分析中得出結(jié)論:進行三次補償就可以滿足成形精度要求。然后將理論模型的成形軌跡和三次補償以后的補償模型的成形軌跡進行成形實驗。成形實驗結(jié)果表明:本文提出的基于數(shù)字模擬顯/隱式有限元分析的反彈量的預(yù)測與補償成形軌跡生成方法是可行的,能夠提高板材件的成形精度。
[Abstract]:As a kind of flexible machining technology, numerical control incremental forming technology has been developed gradually because of its rapid manufacturing of complex sheet metal parts. At the same time, there are some problems, such as forming precision. Rebound is a key problem that restricts the forming accuracy of sheet metal. The traditional method to solve the rebound is experimental method, which is compensated according to the amount of rebound measured. However, because of the complexity of many factors that cause the rebound, The primary compensation is often difficult to achieve the precision requirement, but many experiments waste time and material resources. Therefore, this paper presents a method for predicting the rebound quantity and generating the compensation forming trajectory based on the digital analog explicit / implicit finite element analysis. And develop a special trajectory generation software system. In this paper, the rebound of sheet metal is divided into the rebound in the forming process and the rebound after unloading. First, the first forming track is generated from the part to be formed, and the rebound during sheet metal forming is simulated by explicit finite element analysis with the tool location of the track. The rebound after unloading is simulated by implicit finite element analysis based on the results of explicit analysis. Secondly, the coordinates of all nodes of the plate model are derived from the results of implicit finite element analysis, and then the surface of the plate after the rebound simulation is reconstructed, and the surface reconstruction model is compared with the theoretical model, and the deviation value of the normal rebound is calculated. Thirdly, according to the deviation value of normal rebound, the compensation surface and the forming trajectory are generated by the theoretical model with non-equidistant bias, and the finite element analysis is carried out again by using the trajectory point, and the above process is repeated until the precision requirement of the user is met. Fourthly, a compensation iterative algorithm is proposed for different compensation distances in the process of multiple compensation, and a smoothing algorithm is proposed for the problem of non-smooth compensation surface in the process of multiple compensation. At the same time, a software system based on VC 6.0 / MFC and OPenGL visualization platform is developed, which can realize the functions of contour track generation, surface reconstruction, rebound deviation calculation, compensation surface forming trajectory generation and so on. Finally, the conclusion is drawn from the finite element analysis that the accuracy of forming can be satisfied with the third compensation. Then the forming trajectory of the theoretical model and the compensation model after the cubic compensation are tested. The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible to predict and compensate the forming trajectory based on the digital analog explicit / implicit finite element analysis, and can improve the forming accuracy of sheet metal parts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG306

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