【摘要】：測量的目的是為了準(zhǔn)確獲取被測量的量值,由于測量過程中未知系統(tǒng)誤差與隨機誤差的影響,導(dǎo)致測量結(jié)果存在測量不確定度。測量不確定度表征的是被測量量值的分散性,是測量結(jié)果應(yīng)包含的重要參數(shù)。三坐標(biāo)測量機(CMM)是機械測量領(lǐng)域重要的精密測量儀器,理論上可實現(xiàn)任何尺寸及幾何誤差便捷快速的測量。在形位誤差測量方面,雖然多數(shù)CMM的測量精度不及圓度儀、自準(zhǔn)直儀等專用儀器或量具,但其具備測量功能多樣性和便捷性等優(yōu)點,因此更為廣泛地應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)制造領(lǐng)域。論文選擇CMM作為研究對象,重點研究了其形位測量任務(wù)下的測量不確定度評定問題。著重解決CMM形位測量任務(wù)的測量不確定度評定建模,以及各不確定度分量的量化等問題。給出了一套完整的、具有普適性的CMM形位測量的不確定度評定流程。主要研究工作包括:首先,基于黑箱模型思想,提出了量值特性指標(biāo)法的CMM形位測量不確定度評定模型,并對CMM測量不確定度來源進(jìn)行了分析;其次,根據(jù)CMM形位測量的特點及相關(guān)的理論依據(jù),提出以最大允許探測誤差MPEP、最大允許示值誤差MPEE來分別量化形狀、位置測量任務(wù)的示值誤差所引入的不確定度分量;再次,對用蒙特卡洛法評定測量不確定度進(jìn)行了深入系統(tǒng)地研究,給出蒙特卡洛法與自適應(yīng)蒙特卡洛法兩種不確定度分量的合成方法,并與傳統(tǒng)的GUM方法進(jìn)行了對比,分析了GUM法的局限性;最后,選擇CMM平面度、平行度測量任務(wù)為實驗對象進(jìn)行了實驗研究。實驗結(jié)果表明:所述方法可有效解決CMM面向形位測量任務(wù)的測量不確定度評定問題。由于示值誤差引入的不確定度分量在合成時占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,且不服從正態(tài)分布,因此采用蒙特卡洛法進(jìn)行不確定度合成更為科學(xué)、合理。
[Abstract]:The purpose of measurement is to obtain the measured value accurately. Because of the influence of unknown system error and random error in the process of measurement, the measurement result has uncertainty. The uncertainty of measurement represents the dispersion of the measured values and is an important parameter to be included in the measurement results. Coordinate measuring machine (CMM) is an important precision measuring instrument in the field of mechanical measurement. In theory, it can be used to measure any size and geometric error conveniently and quickly. In the aspect of shape and position error measurement, although the measurement accuracy of most CMM is less than that of roundness instrument, autocollimator and other special instruments or measuring tools, it has the advantages of diversity and convenience of measuring function, so it is more widely used in the field of modern industrial manufacturing. In this paper, CMM is chosen as the research object, and the evaluation of measurement uncertainty under the task of shape and position measurement is emphatically studied. This paper focuses on solving the measurement uncertainty evaluation modeling of CMM shape and position measurement task and the quantization of each uncertainty component. A complete and universal evaluation procedure of uncertainty of CMM shape and position measurement is presented. The main research work includes: firstly, based on the thought of black-box model, the evaluation model of uncertainty of CMM shape and position measurement based on quantitative characteristic index method is proposed, and the source of uncertainty of CMM measurement is analyzed. According to the characteristics of CMM shape and position measurement and relevant theoretical basis, this paper proposes quantifying the uncertainty components of shape and position measurement task by using maximum allowable detection error (MPEP,), maximum allowable indication error (MPEE), respectively. In this paper, the evaluation of measurement uncertainty by Monte Carlo method is studied in detail. Two methods of combining the uncertainty components of Monte Carlo method and adaptive Monte Carlo method are given, and compared with the traditional GUM method. The limitation of GUM method is analyzed. Finally, CMM flatness and parallelism are selected as experimental objects. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the measurement uncertainty evaluation problem of CMM for shape and position measurement task. Because the uncertainty component introduced by the indication error occupies the advantage in the synthesis and does not accept the normal distribution, it is more scientific and reasonable to use the Monte Carlo method to synthesize the uncertainty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG83

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本文編號：2280024