【摘要】：高速電主軸是高速加工機(jī)床的核心功能部件,角接觸球軸承是高速電主軸主要的支承方式。角接觸球軸承高速運(yùn)行中的摩擦發(fā)熱是導(dǎo)致其過早失效的主要因素,因此良好潤滑和冷卻對保證軸承的正常運(yùn)行至關(guān)重要。油氣潤滑作為近年來發(fā)展起來的一種新型氣液兩相流冷卻潤滑技術(shù),以其優(yōu)良的性能和清潔環(huán)保特性成為了高速軸承潤滑冷卻的首選。鑒于此,本文對角接觸球軸承油氣潤滑二相流溫升進(jìn)行了深入分析。本文基于軸承生熱理論,分析了油氣潤滑的條件下角接觸球軸承的生熱的機(jī)理,計(jì)算了不同條件下的軸承生熱率和對流換熱系數(shù)。建立了7006C角接觸球軸承軸承腔的幾何模型,并利用Fluent從轉(zhuǎn)速、供油量、供氣壓力、潤滑油粘度、入口位置、入口數(shù)目6個(gè)方面對其進(jìn)行了溫度場數(shù)值分析,分析結(jié)果表明:(1)軸承腔內(nèi)的高溫區(qū)主要分布在滾動(dòng)體與滾道接觸的區(qū)域,這是由接觸區(qū)的摩擦生熱和潤滑油的攪動(dòng)生熱導(dǎo)致的;軸承腔油氣入口區(qū)的溫度相對最低,距離入口區(qū)最遠(yuǎn)的出口區(qū)溫度最高。(2)隨著轉(zhuǎn)速的提高,軸承腔內(nèi)溫度顯著提高,且升高幅度越來越大;隨著供油量的增加軸承腔內(nèi)溫度先降低后升高,存在一個(gè)最佳供油量。(3)壓縮空氣在油氣潤滑中不僅是傳遞油液的作用,最主要的作用是冷卻散熱。在一定范圍內(nèi),隨著供氣壓力的增加,軸承腔內(nèi)溫度明顯降低,冷卻效果明顯;隨著潤滑油粘度的升高,軸承腔溫度先下降后升高,存在最佳的潤滑油粘度。(4)隨著入口數(shù)目的增加,軸承腔內(nèi)溫度分布變化明顯。在供氣量一定的情況下,擁有兩個(gè)入口的軸承腔內(nèi)溫度情況最好。同時(shí)注意到當(dāng)入口增多時(shí),軸承腔內(nèi)溫度相對均勻,高溫區(qū)域減少。因此,增加入口數(shù)量的同時(shí)適當(dāng)加大供氣量可以達(dá)到更好的效果。通過與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的對比,數(shù)值分析結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本一致。該研究成果為角接觸球軸承油氣潤滑系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及最佳潤滑參數(shù)的確定提供了一種有效方法和參考。
[Abstract]:High-speed motorized spindle is the core functional part of high-speed machining machine tool. Angular contact ball bearing is the main supporting mode of high-speed motorized spindle. The friction heat of angular contact ball bearings in high speed operation is the main factor leading to premature failure, so good lubrication and cooling is very important to ensure the normal operation of bearings. As a new type of gas-liquid two-phase flow cooling and lubrication technology, oil-gas lubrication has become the first choice for high-speed bearing lubrication and cooling due to its excellent performance and clean and environmental characteristics. In view of this, the temperature rise of oil-gas lubricated two-phase flow in angular contact ball bearing is analyzed. Based on the theory of bearing heat generation, the heat generation mechanism of angular contact ball bearing under the condition of oil and gas lubrication is analyzed, and the heat generation rate and convection heat transfer coefficient of the bearing under different conditions are calculated. The geometric model of 7006C angular contact ball bearing cavity is established, and the temperature field is numerically analyzed by using Fluent from six aspects of rotational speed, oil supply, gas supply pressure, lubricating oil viscosity, inlet position and inlet number. The results show that: (1) the high temperature region in the bearing cavity is mainly distributed in the area where the rolling body is in contact with the raceway, which is caused by the friction heat in the contact area and the stirring heat of lubricating oil, and the temperature in the oil and gas inlet region of the bearing cavity is relatively lowest. (2) with the increase of rotational speed, the temperature in the bearing chamber increased significantly, and the temperature increased more and more, and with the increase of the oil supply, the temperature in the bearing chamber first decreased and then increased. There is an optimal amount of oil supply. (3) compressed air is not only the transfer of oil in oil and gas lubrication, but also cooling and heat dissipation. In a certain range, with the increase of gas supply pressure, the temperature in the bearing chamber decreases obviously, and the cooling effect is obvious; with the increase of the viscosity of lubricating oil, the temperature of the bearing chamber decreases first and then increases. The optimum viscosity of lubricating oil exists. (4) with the increase of inlet number, the temperature distribution in the bearing chamber changes obviously. In the case of a certain amount of gas supply, the bearing chamber with two entrances is the best temperature condition. At the same time, it is noticed that the temperature in the bearing chamber is relatively uniform and the high temperature region is reduced when the inlet is increased. Therefore, increasing the number of imports while properly increasing the amount of gas supply can achieve better results. By comparing with the experimental data, the numerical analysis results are basically consistent with the experimental results. The research results provide an effective method and reference for the design of oil and gas lubrication system of angular contact ball bearing and the determination of optimum lubrication parameters.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TG502.3

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