【摘要】：近年來,隨著電力行業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,對(duì)母線的需求增多,對(duì)質(zhì)量的要求提高。沖孔作為一道重要工序?qū)δ妇�質(zhì)量有直接的影響。目前我國(guó)面臨的主要問題是沖裁技術(shù)的研究及應(yīng)用水平較低,在一定程度上制約了我國(guó)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。為了提高對(duì)板材冷沖過程及其成形質(zhì)量因素的認(rèn)識(shí),采用廣泛應(yīng)用于各種領(lǐng)域的304不銹鋼作為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,主要是以沖裁間隙、壓邊力及其他種類的材料作為試驗(yàn)變量,對(duì)各個(gè)變量條件下沖裁過程中的等效應(yīng)力、等效應(yīng)變及材料的流動(dòng)速率及流動(dòng)方向進(jìn)行描述。在模擬仿真中測(cè)量不同沖裁間隙條件下的光亮帶長(zhǎng)度、斷面錐度、圓角帶、毛刺長(zhǎng)度以及沖裁過程中的最大沖裁力等的大小,分別利用matlab與試驗(yàn)變量進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)擬合,研究試驗(yàn)變量對(duì)沖裁過程的影響,此外,還對(duì)比了不同材料的參數(shù)對(duì)沖裁的影響。最后在實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)節(jié)以沖裁間隙為變量,研究沖裁斷面質(zhì)量及沖裁過程中的沖裁力曲線圖,并利用電鏡對(duì)沖裁件的斷面進(jìn)行掃面,觀察微觀形貌。通過研究,首先在以沖裁間隙為試驗(yàn)變量的仿真中,隨著沖裁間隙的增大,圓角帶長(zhǎng)度和高度、斷面錐度均呈增大的趨勢(shì);實(shí)驗(yàn)中光亮帶孔徑尺寸受沖裁間隙的影響較大,即隨其增大而增大,斷裂帶的孔徑尺寸受沖裁間隙的影響并不明顯;部分相同的研究因素在仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)中的變化趨勢(shì)基本一致。其次在仿真中分析了壓邊力對(duì)最大沖裁力、光亮帶長(zhǎng)度、圓角帶長(zhǎng)度的影響規(guī)律,但壓邊力對(duì)圓角帶高度以及毛刺長(zhǎng)度影響并不明顯。此外沖裁過程中會(huì)在晶界處產(chǎn)生新的晶粒,并不斷的長(zhǎng)大,取代原有的晶粒,在一定程度上細(xì)化了晶粒的大小。塑性較好時(shí),上端刃口處應(yīng)力、應(yīng)變較小,反之較大。最后通過電鏡觀察,當(dāng)間隙較小時(shí),圓角帶與光亮帶,光亮帶與斷裂帶之間的過渡線比較均勻整齊,斷面的韌窩現(xiàn)象越明顯,隨著間隙的增大,韌窩現(xiàn)象減少,表現(xiàn)為斷面上出現(xiàn)小的剪切面,數(shù)量較多并呈臺(tái)階狀。仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的研究方法,不僅能夠相互驗(yàn)證,而且能夠相互補(bǔ)充,在一定程度上利于沖裁技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of electric power industry, the demand for busbar increases and the requirement for quality increases. As an important process, punching has a direct impact on the quality of busbar. At present, the main problem in China is the low level of research and application of blanking technology, which restricts the development of Chinese manufacturing industry to a certain extent. In order to improve the understanding of cold blanking process and forming quality factors of sheet metal, 304 stainless steel, which is widely used in various fields, is used as experimental material, mainly with blanking clearance, blank holder force and other kinds of materials as experimental variables. The equivalent stress, equivalent strain, material flow rate and flow direction during blanking are described. In the simulation, the length of bright zone, the taper of section, the angle band, the burr length and the maximum punching force in the blanking process were measured under different blanking gaps. The data were fitted by matlab and the test variables, respectively. The effects of experimental variables on the hedging process are studied. In addition, the effects of different material parameters on the hedging process are compared. Finally, the quality of blanking section and the curve of blanking force in the process of blanking are studied with blanking gap as variable in the experiment link, and the scanning surface of the section of the blanking part is compared with the electron microscope, and the microscopic morphology is observed. First of all, in the simulation with blanking clearance as the test variable, with the increase of blanking gap, the length and height of the corner band and the taper of the section are all increasing, and the size of the aperture of the bright strip is greatly affected by the blanking gap. In other words, the pore size of the fault zone is not affected by the punching gap with the increase of the size of the fault zone, and the variation trend of some of the same research factors is basically the same in the simulation and experiment. Secondly, the influence of the blank holder force on the maximum blanking force, the length of the bright band and the length of the circular corner band is analyzed, but the influence of the blank holder force on the height of the corner band and the length of the burr is not obvious. In addition, new grains will be produced at grain boundaries in the process of blanking, and the grain size will be refined to a certain extent. When the plasticity is good, the stress and strain at the edge of the upper end are smaller, whereas the other is larger. Finally, when the gap is small, the transition line between the round corner zone and the bright zone, the bright zone and the fault zone is more uniform, the dimple phenomenon of the section is more obvious, and the dimple phenomenon decreases with the increase of the gap. It is shown that there are small shear planes on the cross section, a large number of them and a step shape. The research method combining simulation and experiment can not only verify each other, but also complement each other, which is beneficial to the development of blanking technology to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG386.2

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