【摘要】：電火花加工因其適用于任何難切削導(dǎo)電材料且無明顯宏觀作用力的優(yōu)勢(shì)而被廣泛應(yīng)用。但是電火花加工頻率高、隨機(jī)性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)嚴(yán)重影響了放電狀態(tài)的識(shí)別精度,而電火花加工過程的伺服控制系統(tǒng)是以放電狀態(tài)識(shí)別結(jié)果為依據(jù),所以準(zhǔn)確高效的放電狀態(tài)識(shí)別系統(tǒng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)電火花高精度、高效率加工的基礎(chǔ)。因此,對(duì)高精度、高效率的電火花加工放電狀態(tài)識(shí)別方法的研究有重要意義。本文以數(shù)據(jù)采集卡和計(jì)算機(jī)為基礎(chǔ)建立了間隙狀態(tài)信號(hào)的高速采集系統(tǒng),通過Labview軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)采集卡與計(jì)算機(jī)的交互,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)電壓信號(hào)和電流信號(hào)的同步采集,為電火花加工放電狀態(tài)的識(shí)別奠定基礎(chǔ)。針對(duì)電火花加工信號(hào)不穩(wěn)定的特點(diǎn),提出了一種基于小波變換的電火花加工放電狀態(tài)識(shí)別方法。首先通過實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法確定最優(yōu)分解層數(shù),然后通過對(duì)影響小波變換結(jié)果的因素進(jìn)行分析,確定根據(jù)脈寬的大小設(shè)置閾值的方法,從而利用閾值對(duì)開路狀態(tài)、火花放電狀態(tài)、穩(wěn)定電弧狀態(tài)、短路狀態(tài)進(jìn)行區(qū)分。將此方法與高速采集系統(tǒng)結(jié)合,實(shí)現(xiàn)放電狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)。對(duì)電火花加工放電狀態(tài)的特性進(jìn)行研究,分析不同放電狀態(tài)伏安特性和頻率特性的區(qū)別。同時(shí)對(duì)維持電壓的形成和維持進(jìn)行分析,并對(duì)火花放電狀態(tài)與電弧放電狀態(tài)作對(duì)比,從而為放電狀態(tài)識(shí)別提供依據(jù)。由于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件會(huì)對(duì)放電狀態(tài)特性產(chǎn)生影響,因此對(duì)不同實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)下的頻率特性進(jìn)行研究。通過改變開路電壓、脈寬、工件材料、電極材料等實(shí)驗(yàn)參數(shù)進(jìn)行單因素分析,確定影響放電狀態(tài)特性的參數(shù)。通過設(shè)置間隙電壓閾值、間隙電流閾值和頻譜閾值的方法,實(shí)現(xiàn)開路狀態(tài)、火花放電狀態(tài)、穩(wěn)定電弧狀態(tài)、短路狀態(tài)以及脈沖間隔的準(zhǔn)確有效識(shí)別。最后與高速采集系統(tǒng)相結(jié)合,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證此放電狀態(tài)識(shí)別方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:EDM is widely used because it is suitable for any difficult cutting conductive material and has no obvious macroscopic force. However, the high frequency and strong randomness of EDM seriously affect the accuracy of EDM, and the servo control system of EDM is based on the result of EDM. Therefore, accurate and efficient discharge state recognition system is the basis of high precision and high efficiency machining of EDM. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the high precision and high efficiency EDM discharge state recognition method. On the basis of data acquisition card and computer, a high speed acquisition system of gap state signal is established in this paper. The interaction between data acquisition card and computer is realized by Labview software, and the synchronous acquisition of voltage signal and current signal is realized. It lays a foundation for the recognition of discharge state in EDM. In view of the unstable characteristics of EDM signals, a method of EDM discharge state recognition based on wavelet transform is proposed. First, the optimal decomposition layer number is determined by experimental method, then the method of setting threshold according to the magnitude of pulse width is determined by analyzing the factors that affect the result of wavelet transform, so that the open circuit state and spark discharge state can be set by the threshold value. The arc state is stabilized and the short circuit state is distinguished. The method is combined with high-speed acquisition system to realize real-time detection of discharge state. The characteristics of discharge state of EDM are studied, and the differences of volt-ampere characteristics and frequency characteristics of different discharge states are analyzed. At the same time, the formation and maintenance of the maintenance voltage are analyzed, and the spark discharge state is compared with the arc discharge state, which provides the basis for the recognition of the discharge state. Because the experimental conditions will affect the discharge state characteristics, the frequency characteristics under different experimental parameters are studied. By changing the open-circuit voltage, pulse width, workpiece material, electrode material and other experimental parameters, single factor analysis is carried out to determine the parameters that affect the discharge state characteristics. By setting gap voltage threshold, gap current threshold and spectrum threshold, accurate and effective recognition of open circuit state, spark discharge state, stable arc state, short circuit state and pulse interval is realized. Finally, the feasibility of this method is verified by experiments combined with high speed acquisition system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG661

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 彭子龍;錢雪立;張藝耀;李一楠;;微細(xì)電火花放電通道自身磁場(chǎng)仿真研究[J];電加工與模具;2016年05期

2 付小葉;;傅里葉變換與小波分析[J];數(shù)學(xué)建模及其應(yīng)用;2016年02期

3 張頂成;于德介;李星;;滾動(dòng)軸承故障診斷的品質(zhì)因子可調(diào)小波重構(gòu)方法[J];航空動(dòng)力學(xué)報(bào);2015年12期

4 馮慧慧;楊曉冬;;微細(xì)電火花加工放電凹坑形成及其表面變質(zhì)層特性的分子動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬研究[J];電加工與模具;2015年03期

5 李政凱;白基成;凡銀生;李強(qiáng);;電火花線切割節(jié)能脈沖電源放電間隙特性研究[J];電加工與模具;2013年06期

6 王彤;張廣志;;電火花間隙放電狀態(tài)檢測(cè)方法綜述[J];哈爾濱理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2012年03期

7 張玲t(yī)D;賈振元;任小濤;鄭新毅;;微細(xì)電火花加工放電狀態(tài)逐級(jí)映射檢測(cè)[J];光學(xué)精密工程;2010年03期

8 蔣毅;趙萬生;顧琳;韋紅雨;;基于小波變換的電火花放電狀態(tài)檢測(cè)與分析[J];航天制造技術(shù);2009年06期

9 郭銳;趙萬生;李論;李志勇;鄭君民;;基于Linux的微細(xì)電火花加工數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的研究[J];計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng);2007年02期

10 遲關(guān)心;狄士春;況火根;;電火花加工間隙平均電壓檢測(cè)及其電路仿真研究[J];現(xiàn)代制造工程;2006年07期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 耿雪松;集成式微細(xì)電火花加工系統(tǒng)及其應(yīng)用研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 張寶群;多通道高速采集系統(tǒng)控制平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)[D];電子科技大學(xué);2016年

2 張偉;基于多軸運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡的微細(xì)電火花加工裝置控制系統(tǒng)開發(fā)[D];廣東工業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

3 張永發(fā);微細(xì)電火花放電狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)和辨識(shí)技術(shù)[D];大連理工大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：2263091