【摘要】：精密機床在工作過程中受到的外界微幅、寬頻擾動問題是影響其加工精度的重要原因,已成為提高國家裝備制造水平亟待解決的問題。通過在振源與機床之間安裝隔振裝置可顯著改善精密機床的工作環(huán)境,但隨著加工機床精度向微米、亞微米級的演進,傳統(tǒng)的被動隔振方法難以實現(xiàn)精密機床的超靜工作環(huán)境要求,因此,開發(fā)更高品質(zhì)的精密隔振器已成為目前諸多國際制造商和學者研究的熱點和難點。針對精密機床的隔振需求,本文從隔振器新構(gòu)型和能控性兩方面考慮,提出一種可實現(xiàn)寬頻隔振效果的隔振器設(shè)計方法,并完成了隔振器的設(shè)計、分析和測試,具體內(nèi)容如下:(1)闡述了精密隔振技術(shù)要求,提出一種基于準零剛度結(jié)構(gòu)的擠壓式磁流變隔振器,對其結(jié)構(gòu)組成和工作原理進行了分析,闡明了隔振器的剛度解耦特性和半主動控制機理,并基于磁通量一致性原則對隔振器勵磁線圈進行設(shè)計。(2)結(jié)合流體力學和機械動力學理論建立了隔振器的集總參數(shù)模型,并采用流-固耦合有限元分析的方法對模型中的主要參數(shù)進行了辨識,為隔振器的動態(tài)特性分析奠定了基礎(chǔ)。(3)采用ALE動網(wǎng)格技術(shù)建立了隔振器完整的有限元模型,對隔振器內(nèi)部的流場分布特性進行了數(shù)值模擬;基于集總參數(shù)模型對隔振器的動剛度和隔振系統(tǒng)的位移傳遞率進行了求解和分析。(4)以隔振器的磁場能控性作為約束條件,采用多目標遺傳算法對隔振器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進行Pareto優(yōu)化,并通過響應(yīng)面模型闡述了各優(yōu)化變量對優(yōu)化目標的影響,以此實現(xiàn)Pareto解集的綜合優(yōu)選。搭建了隔振器樣件測試平臺,對其在沖擊載荷下的隔振性能進行測試。理論分析及試驗結(jié)果表明所設(shè)計的隔振器具有較小的低頻動剛度,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)良好的寬頻隔振效果,通過對隔振器結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計可進一步提高其寬頻隔振性能,滿足精密機床的隔振需求。
[Abstract]:The external micro-amplitude and wide-band disturbance of precision machine tools are the important reasons that affect the machining accuracy, which has become the urgent problem to be solved to improve the level of national equipment manufacturing. By installing vibration isolators between vibration sources and machine tools, the working environment of precision machine tools can be significantly improved, but as the accuracy of machining machine tools evolves to micron and sub-micron levels, The traditional passive vibration isolation method is difficult to meet the requirements of ultra-static working environment of precision machine tools. Therefore, the development of high quality precision vibration isolators has become a hot and difficult issue for many international manufacturers and scholars. Considering the new configuration and controllability of vibration isolator, a design method of vibration isolator which can realize the effect of wide band vibration isolation is put forward in this paper, and the design, analysis and test of the isolator are completed. The main contents are as follows: (1) the technical requirements of precision vibration isolation are described. A kind of squeeze magnetorheological vibration isolator based on quasi-zero stiffness structure is proposed. The structure composition and working principle are analyzed. The stiffness decoupling characteristics and semi-active control mechanism of the isolator are expounded. Based on the principle of magnetic flux consistency, the excitation coil of the isolator is designed. (2) the lumped parameter model of the isolator is established by combining the hydrodynamics and mechanical dynamics theory. The main parameters of the model are identified by using the fluid-solid coupling finite element analysis method, which lays a foundation for the dynamic characteristic analysis of the isolator. (3) the complete finite element model of the isolator is established by using the ALE dynamic grid technology. The numerical simulation of the flow field distribution in the isolator is carried out, and the dynamic stiffness of the isolator and the displacement transfer rate of the isolation system are solved and analyzed based on lumped parameter model. (4) the magnetic field controllability of the isolator is taken as the constraint condition. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is used to optimize the main structural parameters of the isolator by Pareto, and the influence of each optimization variable on the optimization objective is explained through the response surface model, so as to realize the comprehensive optimal selection of the Pareto solution set. A vibration isolator sample test platform was built to test its vibration isolation performance under impact load. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the designed isolator has a small low frequency dynamic stiffness and can achieve a good wideband vibration isolation effect. The optimum design of the structural parameters of the isolator can further improve its wideband vibration isolation performance. To meet the vibration isolation requirements of precision machine tools.
【學位授予單位】：河南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG502.36

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