2297鋁鋰合金熱變形行為與組織性能研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-10-04 18:58
【摘要】:鋁鋰合金因具有較高的比強(qiáng)度、比剛度,以及優(yōu)良的綜合性能,已成為當(dāng)前航空航天領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的熱點(diǎn)材料。鋁鋰合金厚板的熱變形加工技術(shù)一直是制約其發(fā)展的難題之一。本文以第三代鋁鋰合金2297合金為研究對象,系統(tǒng)研究了其熱變形過程的微觀組織演化規(guī)律,分析熱處理工藝與合金組織性能的相關(guān)性,為鋁鋰合金厚板的生產(chǎn)和最終性能控制提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)和理論支持;對實(shí)現(xiàn)其實(shí)際應(yīng)用具有重要意義。通過等溫單道次熱壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn),構(gòu)建了能較好預(yù)測合金流變行為的本構(gòu)模型。合金熱變形過程動態(tài)軟化機(jī)制與Z參數(shù)密切相關(guān):當(dāng)lnZ較高(lnZ51.70,T420℃),以螺位錯交滑移和刃位錯攀移為主要速率控制機(jī)制;當(dāng)lnZ值適中(47.10lnZ≤51.70,T≥380℃),以螺位錯交滑移、三維位錯網(wǎng)絡(luò)的脫纏和部分位錯脫釘為主要速率控制機(jī)制,并存在部分動態(tài)再結(jié)晶;當(dāng)lnZ較低(lnZ≤47.10,T≥420℃),以動態(tài)回復(fù)和動態(tài)再結(jié)晶為主要速率控制機(jī)制;诤辖鹆髯冃袨,確定其動態(tài)再結(jié)晶臨界條件為:εc/εp=0.294~0.657,ζc/ζp=0.885~0.990,并構(gòu)建了合金動態(tài)再結(jié)晶動力學(xué)模型。通過構(gòu)建熱加工圖優(yōu)化了合金熱加工范圍,確定合適的熱加工溫度范圍為400~440℃,應(yīng)變速率為0.1s-1左右;安全區(qū)內(nèi)合金組織演化為動態(tài)回復(fù)和動態(tài)再結(jié)晶共存,動態(tài)再結(jié)晶以連續(xù)動態(tài)再結(jié)晶機(jī)制為主,并伴隨PSN機(jī)制。構(gòu)建了合金動態(tài)再結(jié)晶組織演化模型:隨應(yīng)變量增加,原始晶粒組織→變形晶粒內(nèi)形成大量亞晶組織→層狀組織→三叉晶界處原始晶界局部凹陷→Y型機(jī)制遷移球化和長大→形成再結(jié)晶晶粒。系統(tǒng)研究了合金熱變形(340~500℃)過程T1相(Al2CuLi)的動態(tài)析出與細(xì)化規(guī)律:340~460℃保溫階段有粗大T1析出,340~420℃變形階段T1相動態(tài)析出且被明顯細(xì)化,T1相細(xì)化源自兩個方面:一是保溫階段析出的粗大T1相因變形被碎化和回溶;另一方面是原始晶界和變形過程引入的大量位錯和亞晶界等為T1相的析出提供大量異質(zhì)形核位置,導(dǎo)致T1的細(xì)小析出。變形溫度超過460℃,未發(fā)現(xiàn)T1相析出。熱變形過程β′相(Al3Zr)和含Mn相始終穩(wěn)定存在,δ′相(Al3Li)在淬火過程即可析出。通過雙/多道次熱壓縮實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M合金實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過程,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)整不同道次的應(yīng)變速率,可控制合金的再結(jié)晶程度和晶粒尺寸。多道次熱變形初期組織演化以動態(tài)回復(fù)為主,變形量大于40%后合金中出現(xiàn)再結(jié)晶;隨著變形量的增加,再結(jié)晶程度增加,動態(tài)再結(jié)晶首先在原始晶界和大尺寸第二相粒子附近產(chǎn)生,隨后在晶粒內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生。道次間靜態(tài)再結(jié)晶會促進(jìn)動態(tài)再結(jié)晶發(fā)生,不利于T1相的動態(tài)析出。結(jié)合性能測試和組織分析,系統(tǒng)研究了固溶時效熱處理對合金組織性能的影響規(guī)律,確定合金適宜的固溶制度和T6為490℃/1.5h和175℃/48h,合金T6態(tài)抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度和延伸率分別為447MPa、369MPa和8.9%,強(qiáng)化相為δ′相、θ′相和T1相。適宜的T8制度為預(yù)變形(6%)+160℃/36h,合金的抗拉強(qiáng)度、屈服強(qiáng)度和延伸率分別達(dá)到500MPa、454MPa和10.5%,強(qiáng)化相以T1相為主,仍存在一定數(shù)量的δ′相和θ′相;預(yù)變形量越大(≤6%),越有利于T1相細(xì)小彌散析出,合金強(qiáng)度呈增加趨勢,延伸率呈降低趨勢,當(dāng)預(yù)變形量超過6%后,合金強(qiáng)度變化不明顯。采用屈服強(qiáng)度各向異性指標(biāo)評價分析了熱軋工藝和熱處理制度對合金平面各向異性的影響規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明交叉軋制和增加道次變形量均可降低合金屈服強(qiáng)度的各向異性。固溶淬火過程析出的δ′相會導(dǎo)致板材屈服強(qiáng)度各向異性指標(biāo)增加,T6處理過程中θ′相和T1相的析出有利于降低板材屈服強(qiáng)度各向異性指標(biāo)。T8處理時,隨著預(yù)變形量的增加,T1相在慣習(xí)面不均勻分布程度增加,會導(dǎo)致板材屈服強(qiáng)度各向異性增加。研究了淬火介質(zhì)參數(shù)對合金板材淬火殘余應(yīng)力的影響規(guī)律,隨淬火水溫升高或PAG溶液濃度的升高,殘余應(yīng)力逐漸減小。利用有限元模擬(40℃水淬火)點(diǎn)追蹤分析板材特征點(diǎn)應(yīng)力隨時間變化的演變規(guī)律:板材芯部壓應(yīng)力在4.9s時轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔瓚?yīng)力,15s后趨于穩(wěn)定值49MPa;表層拉應(yīng)力在3.4s時轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閴簯?yīng)力,17s后趨于穩(wěn)定值-79MPa。
[Abstract]:The aluminum-lithium alloy has become a hot spot material in the aerospace field because of its high specific strength, specific rigidity and excellent comprehensive performance. Hot deformation processing technology of aluminum-lithium alloy thick plate has always been one of the difficult problems restricting its development. In this paper, the microstructure evolution law of the third generation aluminum-lithium alloy 2297 alloy was studied, and the correlation between the heat treatment process and the microstructure of the alloy was analyzed, and the experimental foundation and theoretical support were provided for the production and final performance control of the aluminum-lithium alloy thick plate. It is of great significance to realize its practical application. By means of isothermal single-pass thermal compression experiments, this model can be used to predict the rheological behavior of alloy. The dynamic softening mechanism of the alloy thermal deformation process is closely related to the Z parameter: when the ZZZ is higher (TZ51. 70, T420 鈩,
本文編號:2251507
[Abstract]:The aluminum-lithium alloy has become a hot spot material in the aerospace field because of its high specific strength, specific rigidity and excellent comprehensive performance. Hot deformation processing technology of aluminum-lithium alloy thick plate has always been one of the difficult problems restricting its development. In this paper, the microstructure evolution law of the third generation aluminum-lithium alloy 2297 alloy was studied, and the correlation between the heat treatment process and the microstructure of the alloy was analyzed, and the experimental foundation and theoretical support were provided for the production and final performance control of the aluminum-lithium alloy thick plate. It is of great significance to realize its practical application. By means of isothermal single-pass thermal compression experiments, this model can be used to predict the rheological behavior of alloy. The dynamic softening mechanism of the alloy thermal deformation process is closely related to the Z parameter: when the ZZZ is higher (TZ51. 70, T420 鈩,
本文編號:2251507
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