【摘要】：本課題以鉻鋯銅合金為基體,Ni60粉末及WC質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為10%、20%、30%的Ni60+WC混合粉末作為熔覆材料,采用激光熔覆技術(shù)在鉻鋯銅合金表面制備了4種熔覆層:Ni60、Ni60+10%WC、Ni60+20%WC、Ni60+30%WC。首先,以熔覆層平均硬度為指標(biāo),通過正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化熔覆工藝,然后以優(yōu)化所得工藝參數(shù)制備了這4種單道熔覆層,對(duì)所制備的熔覆層測(cè)試了硬度,通過SEM、EDS研究分析了熔覆層的微觀組織、元素分布,采用XRD分析了熔覆層的物相組成。最后,采用優(yōu)化的工藝參數(shù),搭接率30%制備了多道熔覆層,對(duì)多道熔覆層進(jìn)行了硬度測(cè)試、磨擦磨損試驗(yàn)和熱震試驗(yàn),研究了多道熔覆層的性能。研究結(jié)果表明,在本課題確定的工藝參數(shù)范圍內(nèi):對(duì)于Ni60、Ni60+30%WC熔覆層,熔覆速度對(duì)其平均硬度影響程度最大,其次是激光功率的影響程度較大,而送粉速率的影響程度較小。工藝優(yōu)化后,其平均硬度分別達(dá)到886HV、1113HV。對(duì)于Ni60+10%WC、Ni60+20%WC熔覆層,激光功率對(duì)其平均硬度影響程度最大,而熔覆速度和送粉速率的影響程度較小。工藝優(yōu)化后,其平均硬度分別達(dá)到了952HV、1072 HV。熔覆層與銅合金基體間發(fā)生了元素?cái)U(kuò)散,達(dá)到了冶金結(jié)合。Ni60熔覆層物相主要有γ-Ni固溶體、Cr7C3、Cr23C6、CrB、Ni3B,Ni60+WC熔覆層中除了有上述物相外,還有WC相。隨著WC含量的增加,熔覆層平均硬度增大。多道熔覆層的硬度分布趨勢(shì)和單道熔覆層大致相同,但是多道熔覆層的硬度值要低于單道的。熔覆層靠近界面處至基體方向,硬度值呈現(xiàn)逐漸降低的趨勢(shì)。Ni60多道熔覆層硬度850HV約為銅基體硬度的6.5倍,Ni60+30%WC多道熔覆層硬度1047HV約為銅基體硬度的8.1倍,加入WC硬質(zhì)顆粒后大大提高了熔覆層的硬度。制備的Ni60、Ni60+WC熔覆層耐磨性能優(yōu)異,Ni60熔覆層的磨損失重大約為銅基體的1/3,而Ni60+WC熔覆層的耐磨性能又優(yōu)于單純Ni60熔覆層。在本課題試驗(yàn)中,Ni60+20%WC熔覆層的耐磨性更為優(yōu)異,其磨損失重大約僅為銅基體的1/5。常溫下,銅基體的磨損形式是典型的粘著磨損,且磨損程度較大。Ni60、Ni60+WC熔覆層的磨損形式以磨粒磨損為主,存在輕微的粘著磨損和氧化磨損。制備的Ni60、Ni60+WC熔覆層具有較好的抗熱震性能,與銅合金基體冶金結(jié)合良好,隨著WC含量的增多,熔覆層的抗熱震性能變差。
[Abstract]:In this paper, four kinds of cladding layers were prepared on the surface of Cr-Zircon Cu alloy by laser cladding technology, using Ni60 powder and 30% Ni60 WC powder with WC content of 10% and 20% by mass fraction, respectively. Four kinds of cladding layers were prepared on the surface of Cr-Zircon Cu alloy by laser cladding technique. Firstly, the average hardness of the cladding layer was taken as the index, and the cladding process was optimized by orthogonal test. Then, the four kinds of single-pass cladding coatings were prepared by optimizing the process parameters, and the hardness of the cladding coatings was tested. The microstructure and element distribution of the cladding layer were studied by SEM,EDS, and the phase composition of the cladding layer was analyzed by XRD. Finally, the multi-pass cladding layer was prepared by optimizing the process parameters and the lap ratio of 30%. The hardness test, friction wear test and thermal shock test of the multi-pass cladding coating were carried out, and the properties of the multi-pass cladding coating were studied. The results show that the influence of cladding speed on the average hardness of Ni60,Ni60 30%WC cladding layer is the largest, followed by laser power and powder feeding rate. After optimization, the average hardness reached 886 HVV 1113 HV respectively. For the Ni60 10 / WCC Ni 60 20%WC cladding, the laser power has the greatest influence on the average hardness, while the cladding speed and the powder feeding rate have little effect on the average hardness. The average hardness of the optimized process was 952 HVN 1072 HV., respectively. There is element diffusion between the cladding layer and the copper alloy substrate, and the main phases of the metallurgical bonding. Ni60 cladding layer are 緯 -Ni solid solution Cr7C3C6Cr23C6CrBPn3BN60 WC cladding layer. Besides the above phase, there is also the WC phase in the cladding layer. With the increase of WC content, the average hardness of the cladding layer increases. The hardness distribution trend of multichannel cladding layer is similar to that of single cladding layer, but the hardness value of multichannel cladding coating is lower than that of single cladding layer. The hardness of Ni60 multichannel cladding layer is about 6.5 times of that of Cu substrate, and the hardness of Ni60 30%WC multichannel cladding coating is about 8.1 times of that of copper substrate, and the hardness of Ni60 30%WC multichannel cladding layer is about 8.1 times of that of copper substrate, and the hardness of Ni 60 30%WC multichannel cladding layer is about 6.5 times that of Cu substrate. The hardness of the cladding layer was greatly improved by adding WC hard particles. The wear loss of the Ni60,Ni60 WC cladding coating is about 1 / 3 of that of the copper substrate, while the wear resistance of the Ni60 WC cladding coating is better than that of the pure Ni60 cladding coating. The wear resistance of Ni60 20%WC cladding coating is better than that of copper substrate. The wear weight loss of Ni60 20%WC cladding coating is only about 1 / 5 of that of copper substrate. At room temperature, the wear form of copper matrix is typical adhesive wear, and wear degree of Ni60Ni60 WC cladding layer is mainly abrasive wear, there is slight adhesion wear and oxidation wear. The prepared Ni60,Ni60 WC cladding coating has good thermal shock resistance and good metallurgical bond with copper alloy matrix. With the increase of WC content, the thermal shock resistance of the cladding layer becomes worse.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG174.44

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