殘余應(yīng)力超聲無損檢測與調(diào)控技術(shù)研究
[Abstract]:Residual stress has a great influence on the serviceability of mechanical components, especially on their strength, fatigue life and dimensional stability. How to detect and control the residual stress on the surface or in a certain depth quickly and nondestructively has always been a difficult and hot issue. After that, the technical index and composition of the residual stress detection and control system are formulated, and the software and hardware systems of the residual stress detection and high-energy ultrasonic control are established, in which the acoustic time difference optimization algorithm is proposed, and the detection and control system is innovatively designed. The on-line real-time monitoring system of residual stress under the condition of high-energy ultrasonic control is developed for the first time, and the closed-loop control of residual stress detection and control is preliminarily realized. Compensation theory and method, through the comparative test with X-ray residual stress analyzer, and uncertainty analysis, verify that the detection accuracy meets the design requirements; in the control aspect, through three factors and three levels of orthogonal test, study the regulation rules of various factors on the residual stress of different materials, and get the best control parameters. Aiming at several typical engineering equipments made of several typical materials, the application research of ultrasonic testing and in-situ local control of residual stress in service state is carried out by using the self-developed residual stress detection and control system. Chapter 1 expounds the purpose and significance of the research, and the most important of the non-destructive testing technology of residual stress at home and abroad, and the residual stress control technology. In the second chapter, based on the theory of acoustic elasticity, the relationship between ultrasonic propagation velocity, direction and stress is studied, and the sensitivity of longitudinal wave, surface wave and shear wave to stress is compared. The expression of stress coefficient K is deduced by means of acoustic time method with fixed sound path, and the theoretical relationship between stress coefficient and sound path is given. The propagation law of critical refraction longitudinal wave is studied, and the propagation process is simulated by finite element method. The model is validated by comparing the measured value of X-ray stress analyzer with the stress simulation value of C-shaped specimen. In the third chapter, the theory of high-energy ultrasonic control of residual stress is studied. The mathematical expression of lattice dislocation relaxation induced by high-energy ultrasound is established. Secondly, the macroscopic plastic induction effect of high-energy ultrasound on materials is analyzed. The simulation and experiment of plastic induction prove that high-energy ultrasound can reduce the yield strength of materials, activate staggered atoms and accelerate the reduction of residual stress. The fourth chapter develops and establishes the software and hardware system of ultrasonic detection and control of residual stress. The different algorithm combinations of acoustic time difference measurement are simulated by MATLAB. Considering the uneven thickness of the coupling agent film and the error caused by the thickness of the measured parts, the acoustic time difference optimization algorithm is proposed. In the fifth chapter, based on the principle of residual stress acoustic elasticity testing, the calibration and calibration methods of the testing system are proposed, and the compensation theory and method of residual stress testing are emphatically studied. The theoretical model of the influence of measurement accuracy is proposed, and the temperature compensation algorithm is put forward and tested. The influence of crystal size and shape distribution on the measurement accuracy is studied, and the compensation methods of theoretical calculation and tensile test are put forward. Based on the principle of ultrasonic control of residual stress, three typical materials were used to study the influence of various factors on the stress control of different materials, and the optimal control parameters were obtained. In Chapter 6, the application of residual stress detection and control in aluminum alloy welding and riveting parts, structural steel welding parts and non-metallic parts was studied by using the developed ultrasonic residual stress detection and control system. Process specification and control process specification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:TG115.28
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