軌道客車常用鋁合金5083、6082 MIG焊接工藝研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-30 10:38
【摘要】：高速列車輕量化是國(guó)內(nèi)外設(shè)計(jì)者和使用者長(zhǎng)期追求的目標(biāo),而鋁合金化是首選方案之一。鋁合金具有輕質(zhì)、比強(qiáng)度高和耐腐蝕等優(yōu)點(diǎn),現(xiàn)已經(jīng)成為高速列車車體的主要材料。鋁合金6082和5083是兩種在高速列車車體上被廣泛應(yīng)用的材料。MIG焊接質(zhì)量好且焊接生產(chǎn)率高,是高速列車鋁合金材料的主要焊接方法。本文采用MIG單面焊雙面成型的方法對(duì)軌道客車鋁合金車體常用鋁合金材料6082和5083進(jìn)行對(duì)接,研究焊接參數(shù)對(duì)焊縫成型的影響,隨焊接電流的增大,鋁合金6082和5083焊縫的熔寬和余高都增大;隨焊接電壓的增大,焊接接頭的熔寬增大,余高略微增大;隨焊接速度的增大,焊縫的魚鱗紋越來(lái)越稀疏,熔寬和余高都減小;隨氬氣流量的減小,焊接飛濺增多,焊縫的熔寬和余高的尺寸變化不大,當(dāng)氬氣流量為5L/min時(shí),焊縫成型不良,沒有魚鱗紋。焊接參數(shù)對(duì)接頭的組織和性能的影響,鋁合金6082焊縫金屬的相組成主要為α-Al+Mg2Si,鋁合金5083焊縫金屬的相組成主要為α-Al,兩種接頭的焊縫區(qū)為胞狀樹枝晶,熔合線附近為粗大的柱狀晶。隨焊接電流的增大,鋁合金6082和5083焊接接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度下降,鋁合金6082接頭的斷后伸長(zhǎng)率升高,鋁合金5083接頭的斷后伸長(zhǎng)率下降;隨焊接電壓的增大,鋁合金6082和5083接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度變化范圍很小,斷后伸長(zhǎng)率成下降趨勢(shì);隨焊接速度的增大,鋁合金6082和5083接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后伸長(zhǎng)率先增大再減小,HAZ的寬度減小,當(dāng)焊接速度為50cm/min時(shí),鋁合金6082接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后延伸率為210.35MPa和6.01%,當(dāng)焊接速度為37cm/min時(shí),鋁合金5083接頭抗拉強(qiáng)度為272.52MP和16.29%;當(dāng)氬氣流量為5L/min時(shí),接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后延伸率顯著降低,當(dāng)氬氣流量為10-20L/min時(shí),接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后延伸率保持穩(wěn)定。鋁合金6082接頭的斷裂位置都在HAZ,斷口有大量的韌窩,為典型的韌性斷裂。鋁合金5083接頭的斷裂位置都在焊縫熔合區(qū),沿熔合線斷裂,斷口大量的尺寸均勻的等軸韌窩,韌窩的尺寸要比鋁合金6082接頭的斷口韌窩大而深。鋁合金5083接頭彎曲性能和拉伸性能比6082接頭好。通過(guò)X射線檢測(cè)焊縫的氣孔并量化氣孔率,得出隨絕對(duì)濕度的增加,焊縫的氣孔率增加。鋁合金6082焊縫的氣孔的敏感性高于鋁合金5083焊縫。隨氣孔率的增加,6082接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后伸長(zhǎng)率幾乎保持不變,但接頭正彎和背彎角度分別減小了74.4%和64.4%,彎曲性能變差。5083接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后伸長(zhǎng)率降低,接頭的抗拉強(qiáng)度和斷后伸長(zhǎng)率降低了4.4%和15.7%,但彎曲性能良好。通過(guò)改良的魚骨狀試驗(yàn)方法來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)鋁合金焊接的熱裂敏感性,得出環(huán)境濕度對(duì)鋁合金焊接的熱裂沒有影響。鋁合金6082和5083焊縫的熱裂紋敏感系數(shù)分別平均為42.38%和30.39%,鋁合金6082焊縫產(chǎn)生結(jié)晶裂紋和液化裂紋,鋁合金5083焊縫產(chǎn)生結(jié)晶裂紋。
[Abstract]:High-speed train lightweight is a long-term goal pursued by designers and users at home and abroad, and aluminization is one of the preferred schemes. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 are two kinds of materials which are widely used in high-speed train body. MIG has good welding quality and high welding productivity. It is the main welding method of aluminum alloy material for high-speed train. In this paper, 6082 and 5083 aluminum alloy materials commonly used in railway passenger car aluminum alloy body are docked by MIG single-side welding double-sided forming method. The influence of welding parameters on weld forming is studied, and the welding current increases with the welding current. The weld width and residual height of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 weld increased with the increase of welding voltage, and the residual height increased slightly with the increase of welding voltage, and with the increase of welding speed, the weld scale grain became more and more sparse, and the weld width and residual height decreased. With the decrease of argon flow rate, the welding spatter increases, and the weld width and residual height change little. When argon flow rate is 5L/min, the weld formation is poor and there is no crow scale. The effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and properties of the joints was studied. The phase composition of the weld metal of aluminum alloy 6082 was mainly 偽 -Al Mg2Si, aluminum alloy 5083, and the phase composition of the weld metal of the two kinds of joints was mainly 偽 -Al, and the weld zone of the two kinds of joints was cellular dendrite. Near the fusion line is a coarse columnar crystal. With the increase of welding current, the tensile strength of 6082 and 5083 joints decreases, the elongation of 6082 joints increases, the elongation of 5083 joints decreases, and the welding voltage increases. The range of tensile strength of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 joints is very small, and the elongation of 6082 and 5083 joints increases first and then decreases with the increase of welding speed. When the welding speed is 50cm/min, the tensile strength and elongation of aluminum alloy 6082 joint are 210.35MPa and 6.01, when the welding speed is 37cm/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29, and when ar flow rate is 5L/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29 when the welding speed is 37cm/min. The tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint decreased significantly, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint remained stable when argon flow rate was 10-20L/min. The fracture locations of aluminum alloy 6082 joints have a large number of dimples on the HAZ, fracture surface, which are typical ductile fracture. The fracture positions of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are all located in the weld seam fusion zone. Along the fusion line, there are a large number of uniform equiaxed dimples on the fracture surface. The dimples are larger and deeper than the fracture dimples of the aluminum alloy 6082 joints. The bending and tensile properties of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are better than that of 6082 joints. The porosity of weld increased with the increase of absolute humidity. The porosity sensitivity of aluminum alloy 6082 weld is higher than that of aluminum alloy 5083 weld. With the increase of porosity, the tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint almost remain the same, but the positive bending angle and the back bending angle of the joint decrease by 74.4% and 64.4%, respectively, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint become worse. 5083. The tensile strength and elongation of the joint decreased by 4.4% and 15.7%, but the flexural properties were good. Through the improved fishbone test method to evaluate the hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding, it is concluded that the environmental humidity has no effect on the hot crack of aluminum alloy welding. The average thermal crack sensitivity coefficient of 6082 and 5083 weld is 42.38% and 30.39% respectively. The crystallization crack and liquefaction crack occur in 6082 weld and 5083 weld in aluminum alloy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U270.64;TG457.14
本文編號(hào)：2212820
[Abstract]:High-speed train lightweight is a long-term goal pursued by designers and users at home and abroad, and aluminization is one of the preferred schemes. Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength and corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 are two kinds of materials which are widely used in high-speed train body. MIG has good welding quality and high welding productivity. It is the main welding method of aluminum alloy material for high-speed train. In this paper, 6082 and 5083 aluminum alloy materials commonly used in railway passenger car aluminum alloy body are docked by MIG single-side welding double-sided forming method. The influence of welding parameters on weld forming is studied, and the welding current increases with the welding current. The weld width and residual height of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 weld increased with the increase of welding voltage, and the residual height increased slightly with the increase of welding voltage, and with the increase of welding speed, the weld scale grain became more and more sparse, and the weld width and residual height decreased. With the decrease of argon flow rate, the welding spatter increases, and the weld width and residual height change little. When argon flow rate is 5L/min, the weld formation is poor and there is no crow scale. The effect of welding parameters on the microstructure and properties of the joints was studied. The phase composition of the weld metal of aluminum alloy 6082 was mainly 偽 -Al Mg2Si, aluminum alloy 5083, and the phase composition of the weld metal of the two kinds of joints was mainly 偽 -Al, and the weld zone of the two kinds of joints was cellular dendrite. Near the fusion line is a coarse columnar crystal. With the increase of welding current, the tensile strength of 6082 and 5083 joints decreases, the elongation of 6082 joints increases, the elongation of 5083 joints decreases, and the welding voltage increases. The range of tensile strength of aluminum alloy 6082 and 5083 joints is very small, and the elongation of 6082 and 5083 joints increases first and then decreases with the increase of welding speed. When the welding speed is 50cm/min, the tensile strength and elongation of aluminum alloy 6082 joint are 210.35MPa and 6.01, when the welding speed is 37cm/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29, and when ar flow rate is 5L/min, the tensile strength of aluminum alloy 5083 joint is 272.52MP and 16.29 when the welding speed is 37cm/min. The tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint decreased significantly, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint remained stable when argon flow rate was 10-20L/min. The fracture locations of aluminum alloy 6082 joints have a large number of dimples on the HAZ, fracture surface, which are typical ductile fracture. The fracture positions of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are all located in the weld seam fusion zone. Along the fusion line, there are a large number of uniform equiaxed dimples on the fracture surface. The dimples are larger and deeper than the fracture dimples of the aluminum alloy 6082 joints. The bending and tensile properties of aluminum alloy 5083 joints are better than that of 6082 joints. The porosity of weld increased with the increase of absolute humidity. The porosity sensitivity of aluminum alloy 6082 weld is higher than that of aluminum alloy 5083 weld. With the increase of porosity, the tensile strength and post-break elongation of the joint almost remain the same, but the positive bending angle and the back bending angle of the joint decrease by 74.4% and 64.4%, respectively, and the tensile strength and the post-break elongation of the joint become worse. 5083. The tensile strength and elongation of the joint decreased by 4.4% and 15.7%, but the flexural properties were good. Through the improved fishbone test method to evaluate the hot cracking sensitivity of aluminum alloy welding, it is concluded that the environmental humidity has no effect on the hot crack of aluminum alloy welding. The average thermal crack sensitivity coefficient of 6082 and 5083 weld is 42.38% and 30.39% respectively. The crystallization crack and liquefaction crack occur in 6082 weld and 5083 weld in aluminum alloy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U270.64;TG457.14
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