【摘要】：焊接結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)部殘余應(yīng)力測試是當(dāng)前研究的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。輪廓測試法是近年來被廣泛關(guān)注的一種殘余應(yīng)力測量新方法。本文采用有限元模擬方法,結(jié)合已有數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)輪廓測試法進(jìn)行理論研究與驗(yàn)證,并且通過固有應(yīng)變理論與輪廓測試法相結(jié)合,提出了一種能夠?qū)φ麄�(gè)焊接構(gòu)件內(nèi)部縱向殘余應(yīng)力的三維分布進(jìn)行重構(gòu)的輪廓測試新方法,并對(duì)這一方法進(jìn)行了模擬研究與試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。首先,對(duì)輪廓測試法的理論進(jìn)行研究,闡明切割面的輪廓變化與殘余應(yīng)力分布存在的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,通過切割面輪廓的反向施加能夠?qū)η忻嫣帢?gòu)件內(nèi)部的殘余應(yīng)力進(jìn)行計(jì)算。其次,對(duì)輪廓測試法的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程進(jìn)行有限元模擬,驗(yàn)證輪廓測試法利用切割面輪廓可以計(jì)算出殘余應(yīng)力沿切割面的二維分布,同時(shí)借助已有的數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)輪廓法重構(gòu)應(yīng)力的準(zhǔn)確性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。在此基礎(chǔ)上,針對(duì)連續(xù)加工的構(gòu)件,研究給出一種通過切割面輪廓近似計(jì)算固有應(yīng)變,進(jìn)一步通過有限元模擬實(shí)現(xiàn)由固有應(yīng)變計(jì)算整個(gè)構(gòu)件內(nèi)部殘余應(yīng)力的輪廓測試新方法。對(duì)這一方法進(jìn)行模擬研究,系統(tǒng)分析固有應(yīng)變輪廓法的計(jì)算結(jié)果,研究多項(xiàng)式階數(shù)對(duì)其的影響。最后,進(jìn)行輪廓法測量殘余應(yīng)力的試驗(yàn),研究輪廓法實(shí)際應(yīng)用于焊接試件殘余應(yīng)力測量的工藝問題以及數(shù)據(jù)的處理方式。以輪廓數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)焊接試件內(nèi)部殘余應(yīng)力三維分布的重構(gòu),并通過與有限元模擬以及小孔法測量的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,對(duì)重構(gòu)結(jié)果進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析。結(jié)果表明本文的固有應(yīng)變輪廓法可以較準(zhǔn)確的對(duì)焊接縱向殘余應(yīng)力的三維分布進(jìn)行計(jì)算。焊接殘余應(yīng)力的三維分布很難通過試驗(yàn)獲得,通常只有采用數(shù)值模擬進(jìn)行計(jì)算,因此這一方法具有一定的科研和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。本文對(duì)輪廓測試法進(jìn)行了充分的理論與模擬研究以及試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,同時(shí)將固有應(yīng)變理論結(jié)合到了輪廓測試法當(dāng)中,在國內(nèi)的相關(guān)領(lǐng)域研究中具有一定的創(chuàng)新性和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:The measurement of internal residual stress of welded structures is a hot and difficult point. Profile measurement is a new method of residual stress measurement, which has been paid more and more attention in recent years. In this paper, the finite element simulation method is used to study and verify the contour testing method, and the inherent strain theory is combined with the contour testing method. This paper presents a new method of profile measurement which can reconstruct the three-dimensional distribution of longitudinal residual stress in the whole welded member, and simulates and verifies the method. Firstly, the theory of profile testing method is studied, and the relationship between the profile change and residual stress distribution is clarified. The residual stress in the section can be calculated by the reverse application of the profile of the cutting surface. Secondly, the experiment process of contour testing method is simulated by finite element method, and it is verified that the contour testing method can calculate the two-dimensional distribution of residual stress along the cutting surface by using the profile of the cutting surface, and at the same time, with the help of the existing data, The accuracy of the contour method for stress reconstruction is verified. On the basis of this, a new method for measuring the residual stress of the whole member by the inherent strain is presented by using the contour of the cutting surface to approximate the natural strain and the finite element simulation. The results of the inherent strain contour method are systematically analyzed, and the influence of polynomial order on the method is studied. Finally, the residual stress is measured by contour method, and the process problem and data processing method of the profile method applied to the residual stress measurement of welded specimens are studied. Based on the contour data, the three-dimensional distribution of residual stress in welded specimens is reconstructed and compared with the results of finite element simulation and small hole method, and the reconstruction results are analyzed systematically. The results show that the inherent strain profile method in this paper can accurately calculate the three-dimensional distribution of longitudinal residual stress in welding. The three-dimensional distribution of welding residual stress is difficult to be obtained by experiment, and is usually calculated only by numerical simulation. Therefore, this method has certain scientific research and engineering application value. In this paper, full theoretical and simulation research and experimental verification of contour testing method are carried out. At the same time, the inherent strain theory is combined with contour testing method, which has some innovative and referential significance in the research of relevant fields in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG404

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