加氫反應器單層帶極電渣堆焊及堆焊層性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-26 15:15
【摘要】：作為經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)中的重要能源,石油是一種不可再生資源,其存儲量正在下降,石油化工企業(yè)獲得的原油的質(zhì)量不斷下降。為了保證劣質(zhì)原料煉化出的石油產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,石油化工企業(yè)在煉制石油的過程中經(jīng)常會使用“加氫”技術(shù)。加氫反應器是石油加氫煉化過程中的重要設(shè)備,在高溫高壓且臨氫環(huán)境中使用,面臨著多種腐蝕問題,設(shè)備一旦發(fā)生安全故障,將會造成災難性損失,因此對加氫反應器的制造有極高的技術(shù)要求。加氫反應器在高溫高壓的環(huán)境中工作,為了保證強度一般采用Cr-Mo耐熱鋼作為主體材料。同時加氫反應器在運行過程中還接觸多種腐蝕介質(zhì),因此需要在內(nèi)壁上堆焊一定厚度的奧氏體不銹鋼耐蝕層,目前,一般采用過渡層+耐蝕層雙層堆焊技術(shù)。但是需要進行雙層堆焊,導致其生產(chǎn)效率不高,堆焊材料浪費較多。為了克服這些不足,本文以加氫反應器用鋼12Cr2Mo1R作為堆焊母材進行了單層帶極電渣堆焊,并在此基礎(chǔ)上研究了高速帶極電渣堆焊技術(shù),以期進一步提高焊接生產(chǎn)效率,降低生產(chǎn)成本。采用山特維克焊帶21.11.LNb和配套焊劑47S進行了單層帶極電渣堆焊,并分析了焊態(tài)和690℃×32h去應力退火后堆焊層的成分、組織和性能。結(jié)果表明:堆焊層化學成分合格,焊態(tài)和32小時去應力退火后力學性能、鐵素體含量、硫酸-硫酸銅晶間腐蝕合格,并通過了氫剝離試驗,堆焊層滿足技術(shù)標準。分別選取天泰、神戶制鋼所和日本W(wǎng)EL三家公司提供的三種焊材進行了高速單層帶極電渣堆焊,分析了焊態(tài)和690℃×32h去應力退火后的堆焊層性能。結(jié)果表明:用天泰焊帶TBD-309LNb和焊劑ML-305HS堆焊的堆焊層Cr含量偏低,32小時去應力退火后鐵素體含量不合格;用日本W(wǎng)EL焊帶ESS 309Nbl和焊劑F-9NB堆焊的堆焊層Cr含量偏高,并且在32小時去應力退火后堆焊層的力學性能和鐵素體含量不合格。只有用神戶制鋼所焊帶US-B24.13.LNb和焊劑N-04178堆焊的堆焊層化學成分合格,焊態(tài)和去應力退火32小時后力學性能、鐵素體含量、硫酸-硫酸銅晶間腐蝕、氫剝離試驗均合格。為了研究熱處理制度對高速電渣堆焊堆焊層耐蝕性能的影響,分析了不同時間去應力退火后堆焊層的微觀組織、鐵素體含量、熔合線附近成分變化以及在質(zhì)量分數(shù)3.5%的Na Cl溶液和9.8%的H2SO4溶液中的電化學腐蝕性能。試驗結(jié)果表明:堆焊層以奧氏體和少量鐵素體組成,同時還存在少量第二相粒子,離熔合線較近的鐵素體主要以板條狀形態(tài)存在,離熔合線較遠的鐵素體主要以骨架狀形態(tài)存在,去應力退火時間對堆焊層組織的分布沒有明顯的影響;隨著熱處理時間增加,鐵素體含量呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)減小的趨勢;從EDS線分析看出,熔合線附近的元素分布主要是由堆焊過程中母材對堆焊層的稀釋形成的,去應力退火過程中的元素擴散對元素分布沒有太大影響。高速帶極單層電渣堆焊工藝提高了堆焊速度,降低了焊接熱輸入,細化了堆焊層組織晶粒,降低了晶間腐蝕和點蝕敏感性;去應力退火使得堆焊層鐵素體含量降低,影響了堆焊層的耐晶間腐蝕性能和耐點蝕性能。將高速單層帶極電渣堆焊技術(shù)應用到加氫反應器制造中,由于采用較高焊接速度,只需堆焊一層奧氏體不銹鋼就可得到滿足技術(shù)要求的堆焊層,從而顯著提高了生產(chǎn)效率,極大降低了制造成本,具有良好的應用前景。
[Abstract]:As an important energy source in economic production, petroleum is a kind of non-renewable resource. Its storage is declining and the quality of crude oil obtained by petrochemical enterprises is declining. In order to ensure the quality of petroleum products refined from inferior raw materials, petrochemical enterprises often use "hydrogenation" technology in the process of refining petroleum. The reactor is an important equipment in the process of petroleum hydrorefining. It is used in high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen environment, facing a variety of corrosion problems. Once the equipment fails, it will cause catastrophic losses. Therefore, there is a high technical requirement for the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Cr-Mo heat-resistant steel is usually used as the main material for strength. At the same time, the hydrogenation reactor is also exposed to a variety of corrosion media during operation, so it is necessary to surfacing a certain thickness of austenitic stainless steel corrosion-resistant layer on the inner wall. At present, the general use of transition layer + corrosion-resistant layer double-layer surfacing technology. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with 12Cr2Mo1R as the base metal was carried out. On this basis, the high-speed strip electroslag surfacing technology was studied in order to further improve welding efficiency and reduce production costs. The composition, microstructure and properties of single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with Nb and 47S were analyzed. The results show that the chemical composition of surfacing layer is qualified, the mechanical properties, ferrite content and sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion are qualified after welding and stress relief annealing at 690 ~32h. Three kinds of welding materials provided by Tiantai, Kobe Steel Institute and Japan WEL were selected for high-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing. The properties of surfacing layer after as-welded and stress-relief annealing at 690 ~32h were analyzed. The content of Cr in the surfacing layer is low and unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The surfacing layer with Japanese WEL welding belt ESS 309Nbl and flux F-9NB is high, and the mechanical properties and ferrite content of the surfacing layer are unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The mechanical properties, ferrite content, sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion and hydrogen stripping test were all qualified 32 hours after welding and stress relief annealing. The results show that the surfacing layer is composed of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, and there are also a small number of second phase particles. The ferrite near the fusion line mainly exists in lath shape, and the separation line is more than the fusion line. Far ferrite mainly exists in the form of skeleton, and the stress relief annealing time has no obvious effect on the microstructure distribution of surfacing layer; with the increase of heat treatment time, the ferrite content presents a continuous decreasing trend; from the EDS line analysis, the element distribution near the fusion line is mainly formed by the dilution of base metal to surfacing layer during the surfacing process. High-speed strip-electrode single-layer electroslag surfacing process improves surfacing speed, reduces heat input, refines microstructure grain of surfacing layer, reduces intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion sensitivity; stress-relief annealing reduces ferrite content of surfacing layer and affects surfacing welding. High-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing technology is applied to the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Because of the high welding speed, only one layer of austenitic stainless steel can be surfacing layer to meet the technical requirements, thus significantly improving the production efficiency, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost. Good application prospects.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG455;TE96
本文編號：2205278
[Abstract]:As an important energy source in economic production, petroleum is a kind of non-renewable resource. Its storage is declining and the quality of crude oil obtained by petrochemical enterprises is declining. In order to ensure the quality of petroleum products refined from inferior raw materials, petrochemical enterprises often use "hydrogenation" technology in the process of refining petroleum. The reactor is an important equipment in the process of petroleum hydrorefining. It is used in high temperature, high pressure and hydrogen environment, facing a variety of corrosion problems. Once the equipment fails, it will cause catastrophic losses. Therefore, there is a high technical requirement for the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Cr-Mo heat-resistant steel is usually used as the main material for strength. At the same time, the hydrogenation reactor is also exposed to a variety of corrosion media during operation, so it is necessary to surfacing a certain thickness of austenitic stainless steel corrosion-resistant layer on the inner wall. At present, the general use of transition layer + corrosion-resistant layer double-layer surfacing technology. In order to overcome these shortcomings, the single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with 12Cr2Mo1R as the base metal was carried out. On this basis, the high-speed strip electroslag surfacing technology was studied in order to further improve welding efficiency and reduce production costs. The composition, microstructure and properties of single-layer strip electroslag surfacing with Nb and 47S were analyzed. The results show that the chemical composition of surfacing layer is qualified, the mechanical properties, ferrite content and sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion are qualified after welding and stress relief annealing at 690 ~32h. Three kinds of welding materials provided by Tiantai, Kobe Steel Institute and Japan WEL were selected for high-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing. The properties of surfacing layer after as-welded and stress-relief annealing at 690 ~32h were analyzed. The content of Cr in the surfacing layer is low and unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The surfacing layer with Japanese WEL welding belt ESS 309Nbl and flux F-9NB is high, and the mechanical properties and ferrite content of the surfacing layer are unqualified after 32 hours de-stress annealing. The mechanical properties, ferrite content, sulfuric Acid-Copper sulfate intergranular corrosion and hydrogen stripping test were all qualified 32 hours after welding and stress relief annealing. The results show that the surfacing layer is composed of austenite and a small amount of ferrite, and there are also a small number of second phase particles. The ferrite near the fusion line mainly exists in lath shape, and the separation line is more than the fusion line. Far ferrite mainly exists in the form of skeleton, and the stress relief annealing time has no obvious effect on the microstructure distribution of surfacing layer; with the increase of heat treatment time, the ferrite content presents a continuous decreasing trend; from the EDS line analysis, the element distribution near the fusion line is mainly formed by the dilution of base metal to surfacing layer during the surfacing process. High-speed strip-electrode single-layer electroslag surfacing process improves surfacing speed, reduces heat input, refines microstructure grain of surfacing layer, reduces intergranular corrosion and pitting corrosion sensitivity; stress-relief annealing reduces ferrite content of surfacing layer and affects surfacing welding. High-speed single-layer strip electroslag surfacing technology is applied to the manufacture of hydrogenation reactor. Because of the high welding speed, only one layer of austenitic stainless steel can be surfacing layer to meet the technical requirements, thus significantly improving the production efficiency, greatly reducing the manufacturing cost. Good application prospects.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG455;TE96
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