【摘要】：基于冰模的熔模鑄造是一種用冰模代替蠟模、白模等消失模的熔模鑄造工藝,具有高精度、低成本、無污染以及工藝控制要求降低等特點。獲取冰模的傳統方法需要制作硅橡膠模具,但是硅橡膠模具制作工藝復雜、生產周期長及成本高,適合于大、中批量的鑄造生產需要。為快速制作高精度的冰模,滿足小批量、個性化的鑄造生產需要,本課題組利用快速成型技術(RPM)制作冰�！？焖俪尚图夹g,其本質上屬于FDM技術,區(qū)別在于所用材料、成型條件不同。盡管快速成型制造的工藝方法有多種,但是獲取模型的二維輪廓數據仍然是快速成型制造的第一步,因此對切片處理技術研究是一項重要任務。為實現與本課題組搭建的冰模快速成型實驗系統配套使用的STL模型數據處理軟件,提出一種基于動態(tài)空間索引的分組切片算法,并基于該算法開發(fā)切片軟件原型系統。本文的主要研究內容如下:(1)對冰模快速成型切片算法進行基礎研究。對三類現有基于STL模型的切片算法進行深入分析,并給出每類算法的原理、算法實現基本流程與每類算法的優(yōu)缺點;根據冰模成型特點,對冰�？焖俪尚颓衅惴ㄐ枨筮M行分析。(2)提出一種基于動態(tài)空間索引的分組切片算法。利用Kd樹構建STL模型頂點索引,去除模型中的冗余頂點,基于半邊結構重建STL模型的全局拓撲關系,將能表示半邊結構的出射半邊融合到Kd樹的葉節(jié)點�；赟TL模型中的三角面片在切片方向具有的位置特征,對所有三角面片進行分組,利用Kd樹與半邊結構相融合的空間索引對分組后的面片快速計算每組的有序三角面片集合。通過對模型構建全局拓撲關系,不僅能減少對每組三角面片構建局部拓撲結構的時間,同時利用Kd樹高效的查詢性能以及半邊結構存儲的拓撲關系,從而大大提高切片的處理效率。(3)開發(fā)冰模快速成型切片軟件原型系統。通過對切片軟件原型系統進行功能需求分析,確定軟件整體設計方案。采用模塊化的設計方法對軟件進行模塊劃分并明確各模塊的功能,以本文提出的切片算法為核心算法,利用圖形界面應用程序開發(fā)框架Qt和OpenGL技術實現切片軟件原型系統。本文主要目的是開發(fā)適用于同課題組搭建的冰模快速成型實驗系統的切片軟件原型系統。通過吸收現有切片算法的優(yōu)點,提出基于動態(tài)空間索引的分組切片算法,并基于Qt和OpenGL實現了切片軟件原型系統。對本文提出的切片算法及切片軟件原型系統分別進行了實例驗證。結果表明,本文切片算法穩(wěn)定可行,實現對STL模型進行高效率切片,切片軟件原型系統實現了預期的功能,能對模型進行輔助變換、多視角觀察模型、顯示每層切片輪廓圖形等功能。
[Abstract]:Investment casting based on ice mold is a kind of lost pattern casting technology, which uses ice mold instead of wax mold and white mold. It has the characteristics of high precision, low cost, no pollution and low requirement of process control. The traditional method of obtaining ice mold needs to make silicone rubber mould, but the process of making silicone rubber mould is complicated, the production cycle is long and the cost is high, which is suitable for large and medium batch casting production. In order to quickly make high precision ice mold and meet the needs of small batch and individualized casting production, our research group uses rapid prototyping technology (RPM) to make ice mold -ice mold rapid prototyping technology, which is essentially a FDM technology, which is different from the material used. The molding conditions are different. Although there are many process methods for rapid prototyping, the acquisition of 2D contour data is still the first step of rapid prototyping, so the research of slice processing is an important task. In order to implement the STL model data processing software which is used in the ice mold rapid prototyping experiment system built by our team, a grouping slicing algorithm based on dynamic spatial index is proposed, and a prototype slicing software system based on this algorithm is developed. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic research of ice mold rapid prototyping slicing algorithm. Three existing slicing algorithms based on STL model are analyzed in depth, and the principle of each algorithm is given, the basic flow of the algorithm and the advantages and disadvantages of each algorithm are given. The requirements of ice mold rapid prototyping slicing algorithm are analyzed. (2) A grouping slicing algorithm based on dynamic spatial index is proposed. The vertex index of STL model is constructed by using KD tree, the redundant vertices in the model are removed, and the global topological relation of STL model is reconstructed based on the half-edge structure. The outcast half-edge of the half-edge structure is fused to the leaf node of the KD tree. Based on the position characteristics of triangles in the STL model, all triangles are grouped, and the ordered triangulation sets of each group are quickly calculated by using the spatial index of KD tree and half-edge structure. By constructing the global topological relation of the model, not only the time of constructing local topology for each group of triangular patches can be reduced, but also the efficient query performance of KD tree and the topological relation of half edge structure storage can be used. Therefore, the processing efficiency of slicing is greatly improved. (3) A prototype software system of ice mold rapid prototyping slicing is developed. By analyzing the functional requirements of the slicing software prototype system, the overall software design scheme is determined. The modular design method is used to divide the software modules and the functions of each module are defined. The slicing algorithm proposed in this paper is taken as the core algorithm and the graphical interface application development framework QT and OpenGL technology are used to realize the slicing software prototype system. The main purpose of this paper is to develop the slicing software prototype system which is suitable for the ice mold rapid prototyping experiment system built by the same research group. By absorbing the advantages of existing slicing algorithms, a grouping slicing algorithm based on dynamic spatial index is proposed, and the slicing software prototype system is implemented based on QT and OpenGL. Examples of slicing algorithm and slicing software prototype system are given. The results show that the slicing algorithm is stable and feasible, the STL model can be sliced efficiently, the prototype system of slicing software realizes the expected function, it can transform the model and observe the model from many angles of view. Display each layer slice outline graphics and other functions.
【學位授予單位】：山東理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG249.5;TP311.52

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