【摘要】：由于傳統(tǒng)的金屬屏蔽材料(如鋼板)存在成本高、重量大、安裝復(fù)雜等問題,不能滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的抑制電磁干擾,凈化空間電磁環(huán)境的需求。因此新型電磁屏蔽材料越來越引起人們的研究。本論文通過改變新型電磁屏蔽材料中導(dǎo)電組分和溶劑材料,研究鎳基高性能電磁屏蔽材料的性能隨導(dǎo)電組分性質(zhì)的改變的變化規(guī)律,為提高電磁屏蔽效能提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。得出主要結(jié)論如下:對(duì)復(fù)合材料來說,需先確定最佳的單一導(dǎo)電組分。通過對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),確定了鎳粉組分的最佳粒度,分析鎳粉粒度對(duì)導(dǎo)電填料型復(fù)合電磁屏蔽材料的影響及產(chǎn)生此影響的原因。通過不斷增加鎳粉的含量,根據(jù)電阻及屏蔽效能的多方面判斷,最終確定了單一導(dǎo)電組分鎳粉與高分子聚合物的最佳比例,計(jì)算了電阻與屏蔽效能之間的關(guān)系。本文發(fā)現(xiàn),從鎳粉尺寸上分析,鎳粉尺寸越小,其在高分子樹脂中溶解越充分,導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成的越完善;從鎳粉比例上分析,屏蔽效能并不是隨著鎳粉比例增加呈單調(diào)增加趨勢(shì),而是達(dá)到最佳比例之后,會(huì)呈顯著的下降趨勢(shì)。研究二甲苯、乙酸乙酯和丙酮作為溶劑材料對(duì)導(dǎo)電填料型復(fù)合電磁屏蔽材料表面電阻和屏蔽效能的影響規(guī)律。并從溶劑的材料特性分析了形成這種差別的主要原因。分析的結(jié)果表明,在以丙烯酸樹脂為基體材料時(shí),這三種溶液均可作為丙烯酸樹脂的溶劑材料來調(diào)整電磁屏蔽涂料的粘度。但是,噴涂后得到的電磁屏蔽涂層的屏蔽效能卻有很大的差別。針對(duì)溶劑的研究,本文發(fā)現(xiàn)溶劑的介電常數(shù)對(duì)屏蔽效能有重要的影響。其中介電常數(shù)最大的丙酮作為溶劑時(shí),電磁屏蔽效能最差。二甲苯作為溶劑使用,具有最佳的電磁屏蔽效能,并且其體積分?jǐn)?shù)的變化不影響涂層的電磁屏蔽效能。乙酸乙酯作為溶劑使用,對(duì)涂層電磁屏蔽效能的影響比較復(fù)雜,需要對(duì)流動(dòng)性和成膜性進(jìn)行綜合分析。最后,在鎳基導(dǎo)電組分的基礎(chǔ)上,采用FeNi、NiZn及聚苯胺等材料制備復(fù)合組分,通過正交實(shí)驗(yàn),分析了每種導(dǎo)電組分對(duì)屏蔽效能的影響,并從多方面綜合分析了屏蔽材料的屏蔽效能,導(dǎo)電組分的比例對(duì)低頻及高頻階段的不同屏蔽效能具有重要的影響。確定最優(yōu)化導(dǎo)電組分之后,再次進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察最終屏蔽效能達(dá)到理想效果。
[Abstract]:Because of the problems of high cost, heavy weight and complicated installation, the traditional metal shielding materials (such as steel plate) can not meet the increasing demand of restraining electromagnetic interference and purifying the space electromagnetic environment. Therefore, new electromagnetic shielding materials have attracted more and more attention. By changing the conductive components and solvent materials of the new electromagnetic shielding materials, this paper studies the change of the properties of the nickel based high performance electromagnetic shielding materials with the change of the conductive component properties, and provides the experimental basis for improving the electromagnetic shielding efficiency. The main conclusions are as follows: for composite materials, the best single conductive component should be determined. The optimum particle size of nickel powder was determined by contrast experiments. The effect of nickel powder particle size on conductive filler composite electromagnetic shielding material and the reasons for the effect were analyzed. By increasing the content of nickel powder and judging the resistance and shielding efficiency, the optimum proportion of single conductive component nickel powder and polymer was determined, and the relationship between resistance and shielding efficiency was calculated. It is found in this paper that the smaller the nickel powder size is, the more fully it dissolves in the polymer resin, and the more perfect the conductive network is, the more the ratio of nickel powder to nickel powder is analyzed. Shielding efficiency does not increase monotonously with the increase of nickel powder ratio, but decreases significantly when the optimum ratio is reached. The effects of xylene ethyl acetate and acetone as solvent materials on the surface resistance and shielding efficiency of conductive filler composite electromagnetic shielding materials were studied. The main reasons for the difference were analyzed from the material properties of the solvent. The results show that when acrylic resin is used as base material, these three solutions can be used as solvent materials of acrylic resin to adjust the viscosity of electromagnetic shielding coating. However, the shielding efficiency of the electromagnetic shielding coating after spraying is quite different. It is found that the dielectric constant of the solvent has an important effect on the shielding efficiency. When acetone with the largest dielectric constant is used as solvent, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency is the worst. When xylene is used as solvent, it has the best electromagnetic shielding efficiency, and the change of its volume fraction does not affect the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the coating. The effect of ethyl acetate as a solvent on the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the coating is complex, so the fluidity and film-forming properties of the coating need to be comprehensively analyzed. Finally, on the basis of the nickel base conductive components, the composite components were prepared by FeNiNiZn and Polyaniline materials. The effects of each conductive component on the shielding efficiency were analyzed by orthogonal experiment, and the shielding effectiveness of the shielding materials was comprehensively analyzed from many aspects. The proportion of conductive components has an important effect on the shielding efficiency at low frequency and high frequency. After the optimum conductive component is determined, the shielding effectiveness is finally achieved through the experimental observation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG132.2

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本文編號(hào)：2175445