【摘要】：隨著先進(jìn)制造領(lǐng)域的不斷發(fā)展,對(duì)零件的加工質(zhì)量也相應(yīng)的提出了更高的要求,表面結(jié)構(gòu)作為表征零件加工質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo),對(duì)其進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確有效的檢測(cè)已經(jīng)成為發(fā)展先進(jìn)制造裝備的重要前提�，F(xiàn)有的表面結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)量技術(shù)雖可滿足大多數(shù)零件的檢測(cè)需求,但對(duì)于復(fù)雜直紋面類零件,如葉片、機(jī)翼、葉輪等制造領(lǐng)域中的重要零部件,在測(cè)量其表面結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)仍存在測(cè)量區(qū)域有限、無(wú)法定點(diǎn)測(cè)量、運(yùn)動(dòng)誤差影響測(cè)量精度等局限性。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,本文提出一種可定點(diǎn)檢測(cè)直紋面表面結(jié)構(gòu)的六自由度定位系統(tǒng),并圍繞其測(cè)量過(guò)程中探頭的六自由度定位問(wèn)題開(kāi)展了一系列研究,本文主要內(nèi)容包括:1.根據(jù)表面結(jié)構(gòu)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)檢測(cè)方法,結(jié)合直紋曲面的型面特征及側(cè)銑加工機(jī)理,明確直紋曲面的表面結(jié)構(gòu)檢測(cè)方式;分析常用檢測(cè)設(shè)備在測(cè)量直紋曲面過(guò)程中存在的探頭空間干涉與定位問(wèn)題,提出一種采用橫向掃描探頭檢測(cè)直紋面表面結(jié)構(gòu)的六自由度定位系統(tǒng);針對(duì)探頭實(shí)際定位姿態(tài)在繞X、Y、Z方向上存在角度偏差問(wèn)題,采用數(shù)值求解方法分析各角度偏差對(duì)測(cè)量結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確性的影響。2.根據(jù)探頭六自由度定位需求,依據(jù)由直紋曲面參數(shù)方程定位待測(cè)點(diǎn)的處理方式,通過(guò)采用OpenGL三維建模技術(shù)并建立參數(shù)方程(u,v)坐標(biāo)與UV紋理坐標(biāo)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,提出一種基于模型交互的屏幕光標(biāo)定位待測(cè)點(diǎn)方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)直紋面上待測(cè)點(diǎn)的直觀定位及六項(xiàng)位姿信息的獲取;針對(duì)其無(wú)法定點(diǎn)測(cè)量問(wèn)題,進(jìn)一步提出一種基于模型交互的數(shù)值輸入定位待測(cè)點(diǎn)方式,通過(guò)采用人工輸入待測(cè)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)的形式解決該問(wèn)題。根據(jù)兩種待測(cè)點(diǎn)定位方法的實(shí)現(xiàn)原理,分別對(duì)其中的模型文件讀取、模型交互顯示、三角面片拾取以及射線求交拾取點(diǎn)等算法做出設(shè)計(jì)。3.針對(duì)探頭定點(diǎn)測(cè)量的實(shí)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)控制模式,設(shè)計(jì)探頭定位的運(yùn)行流程;采用多體系統(tǒng)理論構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)模型,完成系統(tǒng)逆運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,明確探頭定位至待測(cè)點(diǎn)所需位移量;分別采用標(biāo)尺和3D尋邊器,完成系統(tǒng)機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系原點(diǎn)與工件原點(diǎn)的設(shè)定,構(gòu)建探頭定位基準(zhǔn)。4.基于VS2010、OpenGL接口及運(yùn)動(dòng)控制卡動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù),對(duì)控制軟件進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā),實(shí)現(xiàn)直紋曲面待測(cè)點(diǎn)定位及探頭自動(dòng)定位測(cè)量功能;并采用黑盒測(cè)試方法,完成軟件各項(xiàng)功能的正確性測(cè)試。借助控制軟件,分別開(kāi)展定位系統(tǒng)的定點(diǎn)重復(fù)測(cè)量試驗(yàn)和回原點(diǎn)定點(diǎn)重復(fù)測(cè)量實(shí)驗(yàn),以檢驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)的定點(diǎn)測(cè)量精度。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the advanced manufacturing field, the machining quality of the parts is also put forward higher requirements, surface structure as an important indicator of the quality of parts processing, Accurate and effective detection has become an important prerequisite for the development of advanced manufacturing equipment. Although the existing surface structure measurement technology can meet the inspection requirements of most parts, but for complex straight surface parts, such as blades, wings, impellers and other important parts in the manufacturing field, There are still some limitations in measuring its surface structure, such as the limited measuring area, the impossibility of fixed-point measurement and the effect of motion error on measuring accuracy. In order to solve the above problems, this paper presents a six-degree-of-freedom positioning system which can be used to detect the surface structure of a straight surface. A series of researches have been carried out around the six degrees of freedom positioning of the probe in the measurement process. The main contents of this paper include: 1. According to the standard inspection method of surface structure, combined with the profile characteristics of straight surface and the machining mechanism of side milling, the inspection method of surface structure of straight grain surface is determined. This paper analyzes the spatial interference and positioning problem of the probe in the process of measuring the straight surface of the common detecting equipment, and puts forward a six degree of freedom positioning system which uses the transverse scanning probe to detect the surface structure of the straight surface. Aiming at the problem of angle deviation in the direction of the probe's actual positioning attitude, the influence of each angle deviation on the accuracy of measurement results is analyzed by numerical method. According to the requirement of probe positioning with six degrees of freedom, according to the processing method of locating the points to be measured by the parameter equation of straight line surface, the corresponding relationship between the parameter equation (UV) coordinate and UV texture coordinate is established by using OpenGL 3D modeling technology. In this paper, a method of screen cursor positioning to be measured based on model interaction is proposed, which can directly locate the points to be measured on the straight grain surface and obtain the information of six positions and postures, aiming at the problem that it can not be measured at a fixed point. Furthermore, a new method of numerical input location based on model interaction is proposed, which can solve the problem by manually inputting the coordinates of the points to be measured. According to the realization principle of the two methods, the algorithms of model file reading, model interactive display, triangulation and ray-intersection pick-up are designed respectively. According to the motion control mode of the system, the running flow of the probe positioning is designed, the kinematics model of the system is constructed by using the theory of multi-body system, and the inverse kinematics analysis of the system is completed. The displacement required for the probe to locate to the point to be measured is determined, and the system machine coordinate system origin and workpiece origin are set up by using the ruler and 3D edge-finder respectively, and the probe positioning datum .4is constructed. Based on the OpenGL interface of VS2010 and the dynamic link library of motion control card, the control software is developed to realize the function of locating the point to be measured on the straight surface and the automatic position measurement of the probe, and the correctness test of each function of the software is completed by using the black box test method. With the help of the control software, the fixed point repeated measurement experiment and the return point repeated measurement experiment of the positioning system were carried out to verify the accuracy of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG80

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本文編號(hào)：2126350