本文選題：海洋污損生物 + 船舶污損�。� 參考：《表面技術(shù)》2017年10期

【摘要】：鑒于船體表面海洋附著物對(duì)船舶航行的重要影響,針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外船體清洗相關(guān)技術(shù)及應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了全面分析。詳細(xì)介紹了目前船塢清洗和水下清洗所采用的各種方法,包括刮鏟技術(shù)、噴砂技術(shù)、轉(zhuǎn)刷技術(shù)、聲場(chǎng)技術(shù)、高壓和超高壓水射流技術(shù)、磨料水射流技術(shù)、淹沒(méi)型空化水射流技術(shù),并對(duì)比了各技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。刮鏟技術(shù)不再是主要清洗方式,常作為輔助手段出現(xiàn)。噴砂操作簡(jiǎn)單,設(shè)備成本低廉,但對(duì)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,危害工人健康。轉(zhuǎn)刷適用于軟質(zhì)生物的清洗,而對(duì)擱板狀生物難去除。磨料水射流和聲場(chǎng)技術(shù)由于存在技術(shù)難點(diǎn),仍需進(jìn)一步研究。高壓水射流清洗高效,但安全操作需要專業(yè)培訓(xùn),且二次返銹問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重。超高壓成套清洗設(shè)備能很好地解決返銹問(wèn)題和廢水廢渣的回收。但這些清洗技術(shù)普遍會(huì)對(duì)船舶的基底涂層產(chǎn)生破壞,由此強(qiáng)調(diào)了空化水射流低壓時(shí)的強(qiáng)侵蝕作用和不會(huì)破壞軟質(zhì)涂層的技術(shù)特點(diǎn),突出了水下清洗的優(yōu)勢(shì)和必要性。最后,總結(jié)了超高壓大功率的船塢清洗特點(diǎn),提出了以淹沒(méi)型空化水射流技術(shù)為主,多種技術(shù)相結(jié)合的船體水下清洗成套設(shè)備的發(fā)展趨勢(shì),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)低能耗、無(wú)破壞、綠色環(huán)保的船體污損清洗。
[Abstract]:In view of the important influence of marine appendages on the ship's navigation, the related techniques and applications of ship cleaning at home and abroad are comprehensively analyzed. This paper introduces in detail various methods used in shipyard cleaning and underwater cleaning, including scraping technology, sand blasting technology, turning brush technology, sound field technology, high-pressure and ultra-high pressure water jet technology, abrasive water jet technology, The submerged cavitation water jet technology is compared and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology are compared. Scraper technology is no longer the main cleaning method, often as an auxiliary means. Sand blasting operation is simple, the equipment cost is low, but the environmental pollution is serious, endangering workers' health. The brush is suitable for the cleaning of soft organisms, but it is difficult to remove the shelf-like organisms. The technology of abrasive water jet and sound field needs further study because of its technical difficulties. High pressure water jet cleaning is efficient, but safety operation needs professional training, and the problem of secondary rust return is serious. EHV cleaning equipment can solve the problem of rust recovery and the recovery of waste water. However, these cleaning techniques will generally destroy the substrate coating of the ship, thus emphasizing the strong erosion effect of cavitation water jet at low pressure and the technical characteristics of not destroying the soft coating, thus highlighting the advantages and necessity of underwater cleaning. Finally, the characteristics of shipyard cleaning with ultra-high pressure and high power are summarized, and the development trend of underwater cleaning equipment with submerged cavitation water jet technology and combination of various technologies is put forward, so as to achieve low energy consumption and no damage. Environmental friendly hull fouling cleaning.
【作者單位】： 上海海事大學(xué)商船學(xué)院;
【基金】：上海海事大學(xué)創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目(2015ycx047)~~
【分類號(hào)】：TG174.4;U672.72

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