本文選題：數(shù)控機(jī)床 + 熱誤差��； 參考：《合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床作為國家的重要戰(zhàn)略資源,一直是一個國家裝備制造業(yè)不可或缺的工具,也是綜合國力強(qiáng)弱的標(biāo)志。影響精密數(shù)控機(jī)床精度的因素很多,其中熱誤差所占比重達(dá)到40~70%,因此如何有效減小熱誤差對高精密數(shù)控機(jī)床加工精度的影響至關(guān)重要。調(diào)研國內(nèi)外科研工作者的研究現(xiàn)狀,發(fā)現(xiàn)大多按照國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《機(jī)床檢驗通則第3部分:熱效應(yīng)測定》(ISO 230-3:2007)的規(guī)定,由機(jī)床主軸與工作臺特定單點(diǎn)位置的熱變形來表征數(shù)控機(jī)床的熱特性,并根據(jù)數(shù)控機(jī)床上安置的溫度傳感器的測量值與工作臺固定位置點(diǎn)的熱誤差進(jìn)行建模補(bǔ)償。本文針對數(shù)控機(jī)床工作臺存在的平面度誤差以及機(jī)床各部件不均衡溫升產(chǎn)生的空間熱誤差對零件加工精度的影響,提出了一種機(jī)床全空間熱誤差補(bǔ)償?shù)慕鉀Q方法。并通過對Leaderway V-450型數(shù)控機(jī)床進(jìn)行實驗研究,大幅提升了其加工精度。論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1)設(shè)計開發(fā)一套測量系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)基于在線檢測系統(tǒng),通過數(shù)控機(jī)床空轉(zhuǎn)實驗,可完成對全工作臺空間熱誤差和溫度信息的采集,實驗后分析所測數(shù)據(jù),驗證工作臺固定單點(diǎn)熱誤差建模補(bǔ)償方案的缺陷。2)提出了全工作臺空間熱誤差建模的補(bǔ)償方案,在建模的過程中,采用模糊聚類對溫度變量進(jìn)行分類,結(jié)合灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析篩選溫度敏感點(diǎn),并首先建立15個測點(diǎn)的多元線性回歸模型,進(jìn)而根據(jù)補(bǔ)償時的溫度值建立每個溫度時刻的最小二乘曲面熱誤差模型。3)改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)熱誤差補(bǔ)償方案,將全工作臺空間熱誤差補(bǔ)償模型的建模方法及過程嵌入到補(bǔ)償器中,結(jié)合溫度敏感點(diǎn)的溫度值和機(jī)床(x,y)的實時坐標(biāo)值計算出該位置點(diǎn)的補(bǔ)償值,并采用數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的原點(diǎn)偏移功能實現(xiàn)對機(jī)床全工作臺空間Z軸軸向向誤差進(jìn)行在線補(bǔ)償。4)通過驗證實驗,對全工作臺空間熱誤差建模補(bǔ)償方法與傳統(tǒng)工作臺固定單點(diǎn)的誤差補(bǔ)償方法的補(bǔ)償效果進(jìn)行了比對。結(jié)果顯示,空間補(bǔ)償模型對整個工作臺熱誤差補(bǔ)償效果均優(yōu)于單點(diǎn)熱誤差補(bǔ)償模型,補(bǔ)償后標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差提升了45%;單次最大補(bǔ)償后誤差精度提升50%。
[Abstract]:As an important national strategic resource, high-grade CNC machine tool has always been an indispensable tool for a country's equipment manufacturing industry, and also a symbol of the overall national strength. There are many factors that affect the precision of precision NC machine tools, of which the proportion of thermal error is 4070, so it is very important to reduce the influence of thermal error on machining accuracy of high precision NC machine tools. By investigating the current research situation of researchers at home and abroad, we find that most of them are in accordance with the international standard, General rules for Machine tool Inspection, part 3: determination of Thermal effect (ISO 230-3: 2007), The thermal characteristics of CNC machine tools are characterized by the thermal deformation of the spindle and worktable at a specific point, and the model compensation is made according to the measured values of the temperature sensors placed on the NC machine tools and the thermal errors of the fixed position points of the worktable. Aiming at the influence of flatness error existing in the worktable of NC machine tool and the space thermal error caused by unbalanced temperature rise of each part of machine tool on the machining accuracy of parts, this paper puts forward a method to compensate the all-space thermal error of machine tool. The machining accuracy of Leaderway V-450 CNC machine tool is greatly improved. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) A set of measurement system is designed and developed. The system is based on the on-line detection system. Through the idle experiment of NC machine tool, it can complete the collection of the space thermal error and temperature information of the whole worktable, and analyze the measured data after the experiment. Verify the defects of the compensation scheme of fixed single point thermal error modeling of worktable (.2) A compensation scheme for space thermal error modeling of the whole worktable is proposed. In the process of modeling, fuzzy clustering is used to classify the temperature variables. The temperature sensitive points were screened by grey correlation analysis, and the multivariate linear regression model of 15 measuring points was established. Then the thermal error model of the least square surface at each temperature moment is established according to the temperature value of the compensation. (3) the traditional thermal error compensation scheme is improved, and the modeling method and process of the space thermal error compensation model of the whole worktable are embedded in the compensator. Combining the temperature value of the temperature sensitive point and the real time coordinate value of the machine tool (XY), the compensation value of the position point is calculated. And the origin offset function of NC system is used to realize the on-line compensation of Z axial error in the whole worktable space of the machine tool, and the verification experiment is carried out. In this paper, the compensation effect of space thermal error compensation method for the whole worktable is compared with that of the traditional single point fixed worktable method. The results show that the compensation effect of the space compensation model is better than that of the single point thermal error compensation model, and the standard deviation is increased by 45% after compensation, and the error accuracy is increased by 50% after the single maximum compensation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659

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