發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-30 18:48

  本文選題：錫基合金 + 真空蒸餾��； 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：真空蒸餾技術(shù)因其流程短、無(wú)污染、設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單、金屬回收率高等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)被廣泛用于金屬的分離和提純。通過(guò)計(jì)算分離系數(shù)能粗略地判斷合金的分離程度,但是不能夠提供準(zhǔn)確的實(shí)驗(yàn)條件信息,因此引入氣-液相平衡(Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium,VLE)理論指導(dǎo)合金的真空蒸餾分離操作,用VLE相圖對(duì)真空蒸餾過(guò)程中氣相產(chǎn)物和液相產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)合金真空蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn)和指導(dǎo)真空蒸餾生產(chǎn)過(guò)程都具有重要的意義。VLE數(shù)據(jù)是真空蒸餾過(guò)程的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),在氣-液相平衡的理論研究和實(shí)際操作中具有至關(guān)重要的作用,目前關(guān)于錫基二元及三元合金氣-液相平衡的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究及相關(guān)VLE數(shù)據(jù)少有報(bào)道。本研究根據(jù)氣-液相平衡理論,對(duì)Bi-Sn、Sb-Sn、Pb-Sn二元合金體系及Bi-Sb-Sn三元合金體系在真空蒸餾過(guò)程中的氣-液相平衡進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,分析測(cè)定了氣相和液相中組元的含量,并根據(jù)氣-液相平衡理論結(jié)合Wilson方程計(jì)算了上述二元及三元合金體系在不同溫度下的VLE數(shù)據(jù),繪制了 T-x-y相圖。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論計(jì)算獲得了 5～10Pa條件下錫基二元及三元合金的VLE實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和計(jì)算值,運(yùn)用Herington test和Van Ness test兩種熱力學(xué)一致性檢驗(yàn)方法分別對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)VLE數(shù)據(jù)和計(jì)算值進(jìn)行了熱力學(xué)一致性校驗(yàn),結(jié)果指出實(shí)驗(yàn)值和計(jì)算值都滿足熱力學(xué)一致性,說(shuō)明所測(cè)定VLE數(shù)據(jù)可用于對(duì)合金氣-液相平衡的研究。通過(guò)將VLE實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)與理論計(jì)算值比較分析,結(jié)果顯示在誤差范圍內(nèi)液相實(shí)驗(yàn)值與計(jì)算值可以很好的吻合,氣相實(shí)驗(yàn)值與計(jì)算值有較大偏差。實(shí)驗(yàn)VLE數(shù)據(jù)與計(jì)算得到T-x-y相圖描述的各組元在不同溫度條件下真空蒸餾時(shí)的行為趨于一致,說(shuō)明VLE相圖所描述的蒸餾過(guò)程中各組元在蒸餾過(guò)程中的行為是準(zhǔn)確的。氣-液平衡相圖顯示的錫基二元合金的最佳蒸餾條件與實(shí)驗(yàn)和實(shí)際工業(yè)上蒸餾操作條件相吻合,用氣-液平衡相圖可以指導(dǎo)真空蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn)和實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Vacuum distillation is widely used in the separation and purification of metals because of its advantages of short flow, no pollution, simple equipment and high metal recovery. The separation degree of alloy can be roughly determined by calculating the separation coefficient, but it can not provide accurate experimental information. Therefore, the Vapor-Liquid equilibrium (Vapor-Liquid equilibrium) theory is introduced to guide the vacuum distillation separation operation of the alloy. The VLE phase diagram is used to predict the vapor and liquid phase products in vacuum distillation process. It is of great significance to design the vacuum distillation experiment of alloy and to guide the production process of vacuum distillation. VLE data are the basic data of vacuum distillation process. It plays an important role in the theoretical study and practical operation of gas-liquid equilibrium. At present, there are few reports on gas-liquid equilibrium of tin based binary and ternary alloys and related VLE data. Based on the gas-liquid equilibrium theory, the vapor-liquid equilibrium of Bi-Snn Sb-Snn binary alloy system and Bi-Sb-Sn ternary alloy system during vacuum distillation was studied experimentally. The contents of components in gas and liquid phases were analyzed and determined. Based on the gas-liquid equilibrium theory and Wilson equation, the VLE data of the binary and ternary alloy systems are calculated at different temperatures, and the T-x-y phase diagram is drawn. The VLE experimental data and calculated values of tin based binary and ternary alloys at 510Pa have been obtained by experimental study and theoretical calculation. By using Herington test and Van Ness test, the thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data and the calculated values are verified, respectively. The results show that both the experimental values and the calculated values meet the thermodynamic consistency. The VLE data can be used to study the gas-liquid equilibrium of alloys. By comparing and analyzing the VLE experimental data and the theoretical calculated data, the results show that the liquid phase experimental data are in good agreement with the calculated values in the error range, and there is a big deviation between the gas phase experimental values and the calculated values. The behavior of each component described by T-x-y phase diagram at different temperatures is consistent with that of experimental VLE data, which shows that the behavior of each component in the distillation process described by VLE phase diagram is accurate. The results show that the optimal distillation conditions of tin based binary alloy are in agreement with the experimental and practical industrial distillation conditions. The gas-liquid equilibrium phase diagram can be used to guide the vacuum distillation experiment and the actual production process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG146.14

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