本文選題：復(fù)合軋輥 + 結(jié)合質(zhì)量　； 參考：《燕山大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：復(fù)合軋輥輥套的結(jié)合質(zhì)量和耐磨性是人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),使用中不僅復(fù)合界面能夠滿足工作條件的要求而且軋輥工作層的組織結(jié)構(gòu)要適宜,耐磨性能高。本文在分析鑲鑄法生產(chǎn)軋輥輥套澆鑄工藝的基礎(chǔ)上,利用通用有限元商用軟件ProCAST模擬了實(shí)際生產(chǎn)工藝條件下充型和凝固過程的流場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng);研究了各因素影響金屬固-液結(jié)合的規(guī)律;分析了在熱處理過程中輥套工作層組織性能變化,探討了不同硬度對(duì)磨樣和不同碳化物自由程對(duì)高鉻鑄鐵耐磨性的影響,優(yōu)化了高鉻鑄鐵熱處理工藝。利用ProCAST軟件對(duì)重力底鑄軋輥輥套過程的流場(chǎng)和溫度場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了模擬,得出與實(shí)際工藝吻合的溫度場(chǎng),驗(yàn)證了模型和參數(shù)設(shè)定的正確性。在此基礎(chǔ)上,探索了單一因素變化時(shí)結(jié)合層處溫度變化,采用正交方法研究了各參數(shù)對(duì)結(jié)合界面最高溫度的影響,各因素影響的主次順序?yàn)?套筒預(yù)熱溫度澆鑄溫度澆鑄時(shí)間型砂溫度。同時(shí)研究了各參數(shù)對(duì)高溫停留時(shí)間的影響,影響的主次順序與最高溫度的相同,但最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合不同。對(duì)比分析了原工藝條件下和改進(jìn)工藝條件下生產(chǎn)的輥套結(jié)合層形貌和元素分布。原工藝條件下,高鉻鑄鐵熔體和45號(hào)鋼套筒的結(jié)合方式為機(jī)械附著,改進(jìn)工藝后為熔融結(jié)合。界面處有熔融層和擴(kuò)散層,在靠近高鉻鑄鐵一側(cè)有顆粒碳化物出現(xiàn),結(jié)合強(qiáng)度明顯提高。結(jié)合理論計(jì)算和樣品金相及掃描電鏡分析確定了高鉻鑄鐵的組織結(jié)構(gòu),鑄態(tài)組織以殘余奧氏體和馬氏體為基體,其上分布有桿狀或者菊花狀的共晶碳化物M_7C_3和少量的M_(23)C_6碳化物。經(jīng)熱處理后,淬火態(tài)和鑄態(tài)比較提高了硬度,弱化了沖擊韌性,回火態(tài)和淬火態(tài)比較,硬度降低,沖擊韌性提高。磨粒磨損的失重量由淬火試樣到一次回火試樣和二次回火試樣依次降低。磨損機(jī)理是由脆性斷裂控制的疲勞磨損機(jī)制。在干滑動(dòng)磨損中,隨著對(duì)磨樣硬度逐漸升高,由20HRC變化到47HRC及54HRC,樣品的磨損量先增大后減小。和相同硬度的對(duì)磨樣進(jìn)行磨損實(shí)驗(yàn),淬火試樣,一次回火試樣和二次回火試樣的磨損失重量逐漸減小。淬火試樣的磨損主要表現(xiàn)為碳化物的破碎和剝落,而回火試樣主要是粘著磨損和輕微的層狀撕裂。自軋輥輥套的外表面向內(nèi),共晶碳化物的體積分?jǐn)?shù)逐漸變小,碳化物的平均自由程逐漸增大。隨著碳化物平均自由程增大,二次回火態(tài)高鉻鑄鐵試樣的耐磨性提高。摩擦系數(shù)在0.35附近波動(dòng),摩擦磨損機(jī)理主要是疲勞磨損和氧化磨損。二次回火試樣在磨粒磨損中失重量明顯大于摩擦磨損。磨粒磨損表面主要表現(xiàn)為碳化物的碎裂和磨粒的切削犁溝,磨損機(jī)制為切削磨損和磨粒磨損。分析了高鉻鑄鐵在不同溫度和介質(zhì)下淬火和回火的組織、硬度、沖擊韌性和耐磨性,試樣的力學(xué)性能并非隨著淬火或回火溫度的變化而單調(diào)的增大或減小。空冷和水淬均可滿足馬氏體轉(zhuǎn)變的冷卻速度。試樣在1050℃淬火硬度高和耐磨性能好,但是沖擊韌性低。和一次回火試樣相比,試樣經(jīng)二次回火后其硬度降低。隨著回火溫度由低到高,一次回火試樣和二次回火試樣的沖擊韌性和耐磨性的變化規(guī)律不同。
[Abstract]:The combination quality and wear resistance of the roll sleeve of the compound roll are the focus of attention. In use, not only the composite interface can meet the requirements of working conditions, but also the organization structure of the roll working layer is suitable and the wear resistance is high. On the basis of the analysis of the casting process of the roll sleeve of the roll casting process, the general finite element commercial software ProCAST is used in this paper. The flow field and temperature field in the process of filling and solidification under actual production conditions are simulated, and the laws of the influence of various factors on the bonding of solid to liquid are studied. The changes in the microstructure and properties of the roll sleeve in the process of heat treatment are analyzed, and the effect of different hardness on the wear resistance of high chromium cast iron with different grinding samples and different carbides is discussed, and the optimization is made. The heat treatment process of chromium cast iron is made by using ProCAST software to simulate the flow field and temperature field of the roll sleeve of the gravity bottom casting roll. The temperature field which is consistent with the actual process is obtained, and the correctness of the model and parameter setting is verified. On this basis, the temperature changes at the binding layer at the single factor change are explored and the orthogonal method is used to study each other. The influence of the parameters on the maximum temperature of the interface is that the main and secondary order of the factors influencing the temperature of the casting time molding sand temperature is cast in the preheating temperature of the sleeve. At the same time, the influence of the parameters on the high temperature residence time is studied. The order of the influence is the same as the highest temperature, but the optimum combination is different. Under the original conditions, the combination mode of high chromium cast iron melt and No. 45 steel sleeve is mechanically attached, and the process is fused after the improvement. There are melting and diffusion layers at the interface, and there are granular carbides on the side of high chromium cast iron, and the bonding strength is obviously improved. The microstructure of high chromium cast iron was determined by rational calculation and sample metallography and scanning electron microscopy. The cast microstructure was based on the retained austenite and martensite. The eutectic carbides M_7C_3 and a small amount of M_ (23) C_6 carbides were distributed in the form of the retained austenite and martensite. After heat treatment, the hardness was improved by the quenching state and the casting state, and the impact was weakened. The toughness, the tempering state and the quenching state are compared, the hardness is reduced, the impact toughness is increased. The loss weight of the abrasive wear is reduced from the quenched sample to the first tempered sample and the two tempered sample. The wear mechanism is the fatigue wear mechanism controlled by brittle fracture. In dry sliding wear, the hardness of the grinding sample is gradually increased from 20HRC to 47HR C and 54HRC, the wear amount of the sample increases first and then decreases. The wear test of the grinding sample with the same hardness is carried out, and the wear loss of the quenched sample, the first tempering sample and the two tempering sample decreases gradually. The wear of the quenched specimen is mainly characterized by the fragmentation and exfoliation of the carbides, while the specimens of the back fire are mainly adhesive wear and slight laminar tear. The volume fraction of eutectic carbide gradually becomes smaller and the average free path of carbides gradually increases. With the increase of the average free course of carbides, the wear resistance of high chromium cast iron specimens of two tempered tempered States is improved. The friction coefficient fluctuates near 0.35, and the mechanism of friction and wear is mainly fatigue wear and oxidation wear. The weight loss of the two tempering specimens is obviously greater than that of the friction and wear. The surface of the abrasive wear is mainly characterized by the fragmentation of carbides and the cutting furrows of the abrasive particles. The wear mechanism is the cutting wear and abrasive wear. The microstructure, hardness, impact toughness and wear resistance of high chromium cast iron at different temperatures and medium, hardness, impact toughness and wear resistance are analyzed. The mechanical properties of the sample are not monotonically increasing or decreasing with the change of quenching or tempering temperature. Both air cooling and water quenching can meet the cooling rate of martensitic transformation. The hardness and wear resistance of the sample are high at 1050 C, but the impact toughness is low. Compared with the one tempered sample, the hardness of the sample is reduced after two tempering. With the tempering, the sample is tempered with tempering. The impact toughness and wear resistance of the tempering sample and the two tempering sample are different from low to high.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：燕山大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG333.17;TG250;TG164

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