本文選題：金剛石車削 + 快速刀具伺服��； 參考：《吉林大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：快速刀具伺服(Fast Tool Servo,簡稱FTS)機構可實現(xiàn)刀具相對旋轉(zhuǎn)工件的快速高頻往復運動,在非回轉(zhuǎn)對稱光學自由曲面的精密超精密加工和機床加工誤差補償中具有較為廣泛的應用需求。切削力對于機械加工質(zhì)量有著至關重要的影響,無論是利用FTS實現(xiàn)誤差補償還是用于自由曲面加工,測量切削力都是十分必要的。準確測量切削力有助于揭示FTS切削加工機理,因此在基于FTS的單點金剛石車削機構中集成切削力的測量功能是十分必要的。現(xiàn)有的車削切削力測量主要有兩種:一種是將測力裝置安裝在主軸上,另一種是將測力裝置安裝在刀座上。FTS是一種柔性加工機構,切削厚度始終在高頻變化,對于利用FTS的車削,無論將測力裝置安裝在FTS的底座還是靠近刀具端,現(xiàn)有的技術方案都不能有效地進行切削力測量。如何準確測量FTS切削力已成為目前急待解決的問題。論文系統(tǒng)評述了國際上針對FTS開展的系列研究,主要涉及FTS的工作原理、結(jié)構、種類、發(fā)展歷程和應用前景等,重點分析了國外現(xiàn)有的測力型FTS的研究現(xiàn)狀,并指出了存在的問題。為解決FTS切削力的測量問題,本文基于一種具有Y向和Z向切削力測量功能的FTS進行了切削力測量誤差分析,總結(jié)出了測力型FTS的設計經(jīng)驗,分析了各參數(shù)與切削力測量誤差的關系。設計出了一種具有三向切削力測量功能的FTS,建立了切削力真值與測量值的關系,通過靜態(tài)標定測試驗證了測力準確性,并通過在線切削測試測得其切削力。本文的研究內(nèi)容主要包括如下。1.對比分析了壓力傳感器前置型和后置型兩種測力FTS的切削力測量的準確性,設計了一種具有兩向切削力測量功能的壓力傳感器前置型FTS,并基于該FTS進行了切削力測量誤差分析。2.研制了一種三向測力型FTS,提出了一種等腰三角形T型布置的三向切削力測量方案,通過對切削力測量系統(tǒng)的動力學分析,分別建立了三向切削力測量模型。基于頻率響應函數(shù),提出了一種誤差補償方法。3.設計并研制了一種四自由度龍門型壓電激振器,可以對空間各個方向?qū)崿F(xiàn)不同頻率的激振力的施加,可有效滿足靜態(tài)標定實驗的需求。進行了一系列的機下試驗,驗證了三向測力型FTS的工作性能。4.搭建了三向模擬切削力靜態(tài)標定系統(tǒng),實施了模擬切削力激振實驗,測出了各項切削力的測量誤差。應用所述的三向測力型FTS,加工出了一系列的平面和自由曲面,并測出了相應的切削力。本文的貢獻在于:提出了一種針對測力型FTS的切削力測量誤差分析方法,設計并制作出了一種具有三向切削力測量功能的FTS機構,提出了一種三向切削力誤差補償方法。
[Abstract]:Fast tool Servo (FTS) mechanism can realize the rapid high frequency reciprocating motion of the tool relative to the rotating workpiece. It has more extensive application requirements in the precision ultra-precision machining of the non-rotational symmetric optical free-form surface and the error compensation of the machine tool. Cutting force plays an important role in machining quality. It is necessary to measure cutting force for error compensation by FTS and for free-form surface machining. Accurate measurement of cutting force is helpful to reveal the mechanism of FTS cutting, so it is necessary to integrate the measuring function of cutting force in single point diamond turning mechanism based on FTS. There are two kinds of cutting force measurement: one is to install the force measuring device on the spindle, the other is to install the force measuring device on the tool holder. FTS is a kind of flexible machining mechanism, and the cutting thickness always changes at high frequency. For turning with FTS, the existing technical scheme can not effectively measure the cutting force, whether it is installed in the base of FTS or near the tool end. How to accurately measure the cutting force of FTS has become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper systematically reviews the series of studies on FTS in the world, which mainly involve the working principle, structure, category, development and application prospect of FTS, and analyzes the current research situation of the force-based FTS abroad. The existing problems are pointed out. In order to solve the problem of measuring cutting force of FTS, this paper analyzes the error of cutting force measurement based on a kind of FTS which has the function of measuring cutting force in Y direction and Z direction, and summarizes the design experience of force measuring type FTS. The relationship between the parameters and the measuring error of cutting force is analyzed. A kind of FTS with the function of three direction cutting force measurement is designed, and the relationship between the true value of cutting force and the measured value is established. The accuracy of force measurement is verified by static calibration test, and the cutting force is measured by on-line cutting test. The main contents of this paper are as follows. 1. This paper compares and analyzes the accuracy of cutting force measurement of pressure-sensor and post-type FTS, designs a pressure-sensor front-end FTS with the function of two-direction cutting force measurement, and analyzes the error of cutting force measurement based on the FTS. In this paper, a kind of three direction force measurement model FTS is developed, and a measuring scheme of three direction cutting force with T shape arrangement of isosceles triangle is put forward. Based on the dynamic analysis of the cutting force measurement system, the three direction cutting force measurement model is established respectively. Based on the frequency response function, an error compensation method. A kind of four-degree-of-freedom gantry piezoelectric vibration exciter is designed and developed, which can apply the exciting force of different frequencies in different directions of space, and can meet the demand of static calibration experiment. A series of machine-down tests were carried out to verify the performance of three-direction force-measuring FTS. 4. The static calibration system of three direction simulated cutting force is built, and the experiment of simulating cutting force exciting vibration is carried out, and the measuring error of each cutting force is measured. A series of plane and free surface are machined by using the three direction force measurement type FTS, and the corresponding cutting forces are measured. The contributions of this paper are as follows: a method for error analysis of cutting force measurement for force-measuring FTS is proposed, a FTS mechanism with the function of three-direction cutting force measurement is designed and fabricated, and a method for compensating the error of three-direction cutting force is proposed.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659

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