本文選題：微噴砂技術(shù) + 切削刃強(qiáng)化　； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：微噴砂技術(shù)具有加工效率高、靈活性好和資源利用率高的優(yōu)勢(shì),將其應(yīng)用于刀具的切削刃強(qiáng)化不僅可以提高刀具切削壽命和加工效率,還可以降低加工成本。為此本文開展三個(gè)方面的研究。通過微噴砂技術(shù)應(yīng)用于刀具的切削刃處理,研究微噴砂工藝參數(shù)對(duì)YT15和YG6硬質(zhì)合金、Ti(C,N)金屬陶瓷三種刀片的去除量和切削刃質(zhì)量的影響,獲得了合適刃口半徑和刃口質(zhì)量的微噴砂工藝參數(shù);研究三種刀片的刃口修形去除機(jī)理,并建立相應(yīng)的刃口半徑經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)測(cè)模型和半經(jīng)驗(yàn)理論模型;研究微噴砂處理后刀片刃口半徑對(duì)切削過程的影響,優(yōu)化獲得不同材質(zhì)的刀片在一定切削參數(shù)下的刃口半徑,并分析微噴砂切削刃強(qiáng)化對(duì)刀具切削性能的影響。采用正交實(shí)驗(yàn)方法研究微噴砂工藝參數(shù)對(duì)材料去除量和刃口線粗糙度的影響,并對(duì)微噴砂工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)行初步優(yōu)選;而采用全因素實(shí)驗(yàn)方法研究微噴砂工藝參數(shù)對(duì)刃口半徑和刃口線粗糙度分布的影響,并確定獲得合適刃口半徑和刃口質(zhì)量的微噴砂工藝參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)YT15、YG6和金屬陶瓷刀片的材料去除量影響最大的因素分別為噴砂時(shí)間、磨料目數(shù)和噴砂時(shí)間,而對(duì)YT15、YG6和金屬陶瓷刀片的刃口線粗糙度影響最大的因素分別為噴砂壓力、磨料目數(shù)和磨料目數(shù)。以刃口線粗糙度為優(yōu)化目標(biāo),兼顧材料去除量,優(yōu)化出了 YT15和YG6刀片所適用的白剛玉磨料目數(shù)為320目,而金屬陶瓷刀片所適用的白剛玉磨料目數(shù)為280目。三種刀片的刃口半徑都隨著噴砂壓力和噴砂時(shí)間的增加而增大;當(dāng)噴砂壓力為0.2MPa和0.25MPa時(shí),隨著磨料比重的增加,刀片的刃口半徑都先增大而后減小;而在噴砂壓力為0.3MPa和0.35MPa時(shí),隨著磨料比重的增加,刀片的刃口半徑都呈現(xiàn)一直增大的趨勢(shì)。對(duì)刃口線粗糙度分布情況分析,三種刀片的刃口線粗糙度符合伽瑪分布,YT15和金屬陶瓷刀片的刃口線粗糙度小于0.7μm的概率分別為0.98和0.97,而YG6刀片的刃口線粗糙度小于0.73μm的概率為0.96。根據(jù)微噴砂全因素實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的刃口半徑以及刃口線粗糙度分布確定了經(jīng)正交實(shí)驗(yàn)初選后的微噴砂工藝參數(shù)的合理性。采用對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn)研究微噴砂水射流中水和磨料的作用,并對(duì)材料去除機(jī)理和刃口形狀形成過程進(jìn)行分析。利用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和單顆粒磨料材料去除模型分別建立刃口半徑的經(jīng)驗(yàn)預(yù)測(cè)模型和半經(jīng)驗(yàn)理論模型。結(jié)果表明,單純的水射流并不能去除材料,材料的去除是通過磨料對(duì)刃口材料的沖蝕作用實(shí)現(xiàn)的,三種刀片的材料去除方式都包括脆性去除和塑性去除。圓弧形刃口的形成是由刃口材料裂紋擴(kuò)展的脆性去除和磨粒微切削的塑性去除共同作用導(dǎo)致的。在微噴砂工藝范圍內(nèi)三種刀片的BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型的相對(duì)誤差在10%以內(nèi),而刃口半徑的半經(jīng)驗(yàn)理論模型可以定性的分析微噴砂工藝參數(shù)以及刀片材料力學(xué)性能對(duì)刃口半徑的影響。采用有限元仿真與單因素切削實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法研究刃口半徑對(duì)切削過程的影響,并優(yōu)化三種刀片的刃口半徑;采用對(duì)比切削實(shí)驗(yàn)研究微噴砂切削刃強(qiáng)化對(duì)刀具切削性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,隨著刃口半徑的增加,三種刀片的切削力都增大,相對(duì)主切削力和進(jìn)給力而言,刃口半徑對(duì)切深抗力的影響較大。以刀具壽命為優(yōu)化目標(biāo)兼顧工件表面粗糙度得到的YT15、YG6和金屬陶瓷刀片的最優(yōu)刃口半徑分別為26μm、36μm和15μm。與未強(qiáng)化的刀片相比,微噴砂切削刃強(qiáng)化的YT15、YG6和金屬陶瓷刀片的刀具壽命分別提高了 63%、37%和86%。隨著刀片磨損的增加,微噴砂切削刃強(qiáng)化的YT15、YG6和金屬陶瓷刀片的切削力被未強(qiáng)化刀片的切削力超越,隨著切削時(shí)間的增加,微噴砂切削刃強(qiáng)化的YT15和YG6刀片的工件表面粗糙度逐漸被未強(qiáng)化刀片的工件表面粗糙度超過,而對(duì)于金屬陶瓷刀片而言,微噴砂切削刃強(qiáng)化的刀片的工件表面粗糙度一直低于未強(qiáng)化刀片的工件表面粗糙度。切削刃強(qiáng)化會(huì)稍微造成鋸齒形切屑的鋸齒密度增加,但對(duì)帶狀切屑的形貌影響不大。而刀片后刀面磨損機(jī)理主要為擴(kuò)散磨損、粘結(jié)磨損、磨粒磨損和氧化磨損。
[Abstract]:Micro blasting technology has the advantages of high processing efficiency, good flexibility and high utilization of resources. Applying it to cutting edge of cutting tools can not only improve the cutting life and machining efficiency, but also reduce the machining cost. Therefore, this paper has carried out three aspects of research. The effect of micro spray process parameters on the removal of three kinds of blades of YT15 and YG6 cemented carbide, Ti (C, N) cermet and the quality of cutting edge is studied. The parameters of micro blasting technology are obtained, which are suitable for the radius of the blade and the quality of the blade. The mechanism of the cutting and removal of the cutting edge of the three kinds of blades is studied, and the empirical prediction model of the radius of the blade is built and the semi empirical theory is built. The influence of blade radius on the cutting process after micro blasting is studied. The blade radius of different cutting blades under certain cutting parameters is optimized, and the effect of micro sanding cutting edge strengthening on cutting performance is analyzed. Orthogonal experimental method is used to study the material removal and edge thread roughness of micro blasting technology. The effect of roughness on the process parameters of micro blasting is preliminarily optimized, and the effect of the parameters of micro blasting on the edge radius and the edge profile of the blade is studied by the full factor experimental method, and the parameters of the micro spray process to obtain the appropriate edge radius and edge quality are determined. The results show that the materials for YT15, YG6 and cermet blades are made. The most influential factors of the removal amount are sand blasting time, abrasive visual number and sand blasting time, while the most influential factors on the edge roughness of YT15, YG6 and cermet blade are sandblasting, abrasive and abrasives, with the edge roughness of the edge as the optimization target, and the material removal amount is taken into consideration, and the YT15 and YG6 blade are optimized. The number of white corundum abrasives is 320 mesh, and the number of white corundum abrasives is 280 mesh. The edge radius of the three kinds of blades increases with the increase of sand injection pressure and sand injection time. When the sand injection pressure is 0.2MPa and 0.25MPa, the blade radius first increases and then decreases with the increase of the proportion of abrasive. When the sand injection pressure is 0.3MPa and 0.35MPa, with the increase of the proportion of the abrasive, the blade radius of the blade shows a tendency to increase all the time. The roughness of the three blade lines conforms to the gamma distribution, and the probability of the edge roughness of the YT15 and the metal ceramic blade is less than 0.7 m, respectively, with the probability of 0.98 and 0.9, respectively. 7, the probability of the edge roughness of the YG6 blade is less than 0.73 u m, which determines the rationality of the micro sand spraying process parameters after the orthogonal experimental preliminary selection according to the radius of the blade and the edge profile of the blade line. The effect of water and abrasive in the micro spray water jet is studied by contrast experiments, and the material is used to the material. In addition to the mechanism and the formation process of the blade shape, an empirical prediction model and a semi empirical model are established by using the BP neural network and the single particle abrasive material removal model. The results show that the pure water jet can not remove the material, and the material removal is achieved through the erosion of the cutting edge material. The material removal methods of the three kinds of blades include brittle removal and plastic removal. The formation of the circular arc edge is caused by the brittle removal of the crack propagation of the edge material and the joint effect of the plastic removal of the abrasive micro cutting. The relative error of the BP neural network model of the three kinds of blades within the range of micro blasting is less than 10%, and the radius of the blade is the radius of the blade. The semi empirical model can qualitatively analyze the process parameters of micro blasting and the influence of the mechanical properties of the blade material on the edge radius. The effect of the edge radius on the cutting process is studied by the combination of finite element simulation and single factor cutting experiment, and the edge radius of the three kinds of blades is optimized. The effect of sand jet cutting edge strengthening on cutting performance shows that with the increase of the radius of the blade, the cutting force of the three kinds of blades increases. In terms of the main cutting force and feed force, the edge radius has great influence on the cutting depth resistance. The tool life is the YT15, YG6 and the metal ceramic knife to the surface roughness of the workpiece. The optimum blade radius is 26 m, 36 m and 15 mu m., compared with the unreinforced blade, the tool life of the YT15, YG6 and the cermet blade enhanced by the micro bladed cutting edge is increased by 63%, 37% and 86%. with the blade wear, and the cutting force of the YT15, YG6, and cermet blade strengthened by the micro blasting cutting edge is not strengthened by the blade. The cutting force transcends, with the increase of cutting time, the surface roughness of the workpiece surface of the YT15 and YG6 blades strengthened by the micro bladed cutting edge is gradually exceeded by the surface roughness of the unreinforced blade, while for the cermet blade, the surface roughness of the blade strengthened by the micro bladed cutting edge has always been lower than the surface of the workpiece with the unreinforced blade. The roughness of the cutting edge increases the sawtooth density slightly, but has little effect on the shape of the banded chip, and the wear mechanism of the blade surface is mainly diffusion wear, bond wear, abrasive wear and oxidation wear.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG71

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