本文選題：強(qiáng)化研磨 + 軸承滾道　； 參考：《廣州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：軸承廣泛地應(yīng)用于各行各業(yè),其性能的好壞直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)裝備的使用壽命的長(zhǎng)短。隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,對(duì)于軸承的高可靠性、高精度、承載能力、動(dòng)態(tài)性能、高速高溫和輕量化、小型化、組合化等提出了愈來(lái)愈高的要求。滾動(dòng)軸承結(jié)構(gòu)雖然簡(jiǎn)單,但其設(shè)計(jì)和制造過(guò)程卻十分復(fù)雜,掌握軸承的設(shè)計(jì)原理與制造工藝,才能生產(chǎn)出滿足人們需求的軸承以及相關(guān)裝備。本文基于一種金屬材料強(qiáng)化研磨高性能加工技術(shù),用這種技術(shù)方法處理軸承滾道表面,使之產(chǎn)生殘余應(yīng)力,研究殘余應(yīng)力的產(chǎn)生與分布,并通過(guò)壽命試驗(yàn)來(lái)說(shuō)明這種加工方法對(duì)于軸承壽命的影響。本文首先通過(guò)理論分析,結(jié)合Hertz理論給出了殘余應(yīng)力的預(yù)測(cè)模型,對(duì)6組不同強(qiáng)化研磨加工時(shí)間下的試樣進(jìn)行金相分析,推導(dǎo)出了強(qiáng)化研磨時(shí)間與強(qiáng)化層厚度的關(guān)系。通過(guò)SEM分析,對(duì)強(qiáng)化層進(jìn)行了分區(qū),解釋了強(qiáng)化研磨產(chǎn)生殘余應(yīng)力的實(shí)質(zhì)原因。通過(guò)有限元方法,求解出了在某一載荷之下軸承位移、等效應(yīng)變、等效應(yīng)力和接觸壓力的數(shù)值,分析了殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)接觸應(yīng)力及裂紋的影響,不同徑向載荷下軸承的疲勞壽命,并與赫茲解進(jìn)行了比較,結(jié)果表明:赫茲理論解比仿真解大,隨著徑向載荷的增大,軸承的外圈與內(nèi)圈的接觸應(yīng)力也相應(yīng)地增大,外圈的接觸應(yīng)力總是比內(nèi)圈的接觸應(yīng)力要小,外圈的壽命始終要大于內(nèi)圈壽命,殘余應(yīng)力對(duì)軸承的接觸應(yīng)力基本無(wú)影響,殘余壓應(yīng)力對(duì)裂紋的生長(zhǎng)有抑制作用。然后對(duì)強(qiáng)化研磨殘余應(yīng)力場(chǎng)進(jìn)行檢測(cè),并對(duì)對(duì)應(yīng)力釋放造成的影響通過(guò)彈性理論的計(jì)算加以修正,得到殘余應(yīng)力在深度方向的分布關(guān)系。分布關(guān)系表明強(qiáng)化研磨工藝噴射比較均勻,隨著測(cè)量深度地增加,殘余應(yīng)力值隨之增加。在30μm深度以上,殘余壓應(yīng)力衰減很快,在120μm深度左右,基本上沒(méi)有殘余應(yīng)力,在150μm~180μm之間,殘余應(yīng)力會(huì)由壓應(yīng)力轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槔瓚?yīng)力。由于測(cè)量值與修正值相差始終小于0.15%,說(shuō)明應(yīng)力釋放造成影響可以忽略。最后進(jìn)行了軸承的壽命試驗(yàn),分析了試驗(yàn)過(guò)程軸承溫度,徑向游隙,振動(dòng)的變化情況。
[Abstract]:Bearing is widely used in all walks of life. Its performance is directly related to the length of the service life of the whole equipment. With the development of modern industry and science and technology, the high reliability, high precision, bearing capacity, dynamic performance, high speed and high temperature and light quantization, miniaturization and combination of bearing are more and more demanding. Although the bearing structure is simple, its design and manufacturing process is very complicated. In order to produce bearings and related equipment to meet the needs of the people, the bearings and related equipment can be produced by mastering the design principle and manufacturing process of the bearing. The residual stress is produced and distributed, and the effect of this processing method on the bearing life is explained by the life test. First, the prediction model of residual stress is given by theoretical analysis and Hertz theory, and the metallographic analysis is carried out on 6 groups of specimens with different intensification grinding time, and the strengthening research is derived. The relationship between the grinding time and the thickness of the reinforced layer is made. Through the SEM analysis, the strengthening layer is divided and the substantial reasons for the reinforcement of the residual stress are explained. Through the finite element method, the value of the bearing displacement, equivalent strain, equivalent stress and contact pressure under a certain load is solved, and the residual stress is analyzed for contact stress and crack. The fatigue life of the bearing under different radial loads is compared with the Hertz solution. The results show that the Hertz theoretical solution is larger than the simulation solution. With the increase of the radial load, the contact stress between the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing increases correspondingly, and the contact stress of the outer ring is always smaller than that of the inner ring, and the life of the outer ring is always larger. In the inner ring life, the residual stress has no effect on the contact stress of the bearing, and the residual compressive stress has a restraining effect on the growth of the crack. Then the residual stress field of the reinforced lapping is detected, and the effect of the corresponding force release is corrected by the calculation of the elastic theory, and the distribution of the residual stress in the depth direction is obtained. The relationship shows that the intensified grinding process is more uniform, and the residual stress value increases with the depth of measurement. At the depth of 30 mu m, the residual stress attenuation is very fast, at the depth of 120 mu m, the residual stress is basically no residual stress, and the residual stress will change from pressure stress to tensile stress at 150 u m~180 mu m. The difference of value is always less than 0.15%, which indicates that the effect of stress release can be ignored. Finally, the life test of bearing is carried out, and the change of bearing temperature, radial clearance and vibration in the test process is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TH133.3;TG580.68

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