發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-05 10:58

  本文選題：輕量化 + 電阻焊　； 參考：《蘭州理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái)隨著石化資源的日漸枯竭和人們居住環(huán)境的進(jìn)一步惡化,在現(xiàn)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,輕量化制造逐漸成為一種實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能環(huán)保的有效途徑,尤其在汽車(chē)工業(yè)和航天航空工業(yè)中鋁、鎂、鈦和其合金等輕金屬材料和塑料、碳纖維和復(fù)合材料等非金屬材料應(yīng)用的增加大大促進(jìn)了輕量化生產(chǎn)的進(jìn)程,因此金屬與非金屬的連接在輕量化生產(chǎn)中占有重要地位。本文開(kāi)展熱塑性高分子塑料與金屬電阻焊研究,優(yōu)化工藝后獲得綜合性能優(yōu)異的連接接頭,為工業(yè)輕量化進(jìn)展提供了技術(shù)支持。采用ABS塑料、純鋁和Q235鋼板為試驗(yàn)材料,以自主設(shè)計(jì)的多電極多功能焊機(jī)為試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),制定全新工藝方案,通過(guò)次級(jí)回路和三個(gè)電極的組合,實(shí)現(xiàn)金屬板上單邊通電,金屬產(chǎn)生的電阻熱作為焊接熱源傳遞到ABS塑料板,塑料在溫度和壓力作用下熔化鋪展與金屬形成有效連接,并對(duì)接頭成型、力學(xué)性能和連接機(jī)理開(kāi)展如下研究:基于Lab VIEW數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)焊接過(guò)程中電信號(hào)的采集,對(duì)比分析焊接過(guò)程中材料的變形行為,研究焊接參數(shù)改變對(duì)焊接質(zhì)量的影響,進(jìn)行工藝優(yōu)化。焊接電流或時(shí)間增大時(shí),接頭有效連接面積增大,接頭強(qiáng)度提高且同一參數(shù)結(jié)果離散性減小,但熱輸入過(guò)大導(dǎo)致界面熔化的塑料被大量擠出,接頭存在很大應(yīng)力集中,接頭性能變差;電極壓力改變時(shí),接頭強(qiáng)度未出現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定的變化趨勢(shì),且試驗(yàn)結(jié)果存在較大離散性。通過(guò)開(kāi)展接頭力學(xué)性能測(cè)試,得出接頭拉伸失效有三種形式:搭接界面拉開(kāi)、界面塑料撕裂和塑料母材斷裂,界面拉開(kāi)失效載荷較小,拉伸曲線(xiàn)在線(xiàn)性變化階段達(dá)到峰值并失效;界面塑料撕裂和塑料母材斷裂時(shí),接頭強(qiáng)度達(dá)到甚至超過(guò)母材強(qiáng)度,拉伸曲線(xiàn)在線(xiàn)性變化之后出現(xiàn)明顯的屈服階段,母材斷裂的屈服階段持續(xù)較長(zhǎng),這種接頭強(qiáng)度最高。為改善焊接質(zhì)量,采用超聲波輔助施加到焊接過(guò)程中,通過(guò)與常規(guī)工藝對(duì)比分析,研究超聲輔助前后接頭成型與力學(xué)性能,相同參數(shù)下施加超聲輔助后,超聲輔助能明顯改善接頭質(zhì)量,接頭有效連接面積增大,強(qiáng)度提高約10%且結(jié)果離散性減小。通過(guò)接頭橫截面和界面塑料撕裂微觀形貌的觀察、界面元素能譜分析、紅外光譜分析及X射線(xiàn)光電子能譜分析等,研究ABS塑料與金屬的連接機(jī)理,得到二者連接為機(jī)械互鎖、擴(kuò)散和配位鍵多種機(jī)制共同作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the depletion of petrochemical resources and the further deterioration of people's living environment, lightweight manufacturing has gradually become an effective way to realize energy saving and environmental protection in industrial production, especially aluminum in automobile industry and aerospace industry. The increase of applications of light metal materials such as magnesium, titanium and its alloys and plastics, carbon fiber and composite materials has greatly promoted the process of lightweight production. Therefore, the connection between metals and non-metals plays an important role in lightweight production. In this paper, the resistance welding of thermoplastic and metal was studied. After optimizing the technology, the joints with excellent comprehensive properties were obtained, which provided the technical support for the development of industrial lightweight. Using ABS plastics, pure aluminum and Q235 steel plate as test materials, taking the self-designed multielectrode multifunctional welding machine as the test platform, a new process scheme was established. The single side electric current on the metal plate was realized through the combination of the secondary circuit and the three electrodes. The resistance heat generated by the metal is transmitted to the ABS plastic sheet as the welding heat source. The plastic is melted and spread under temperature and pressure to form an effective connection with the metal, and the joint is formed. The mechanical properties and joining mechanism are studied as follows: based on LabVIEW data acquisition system, the electrical signals are collected during welding process, the deformation behavior of materials in welding process is compared and analyzed, and the influence of welding parameters on welding quality is studied. Process optimization is carried out. When the welding current or time increases, the effective connection area increases, the strength of the joint increases and the dispersion of the same parameter decreases, but the plastic melted at the interface is extruded by excessive heat input, and there is a great stress concentration in the joint. When the electrode pressure is changed, the strength of the joint does not change steadily, and the test results are discrete. Through testing the mechanical properties of the joints, it is concluded that there are three forms of tensile failure of the joints: the lap interface pulling, the interface plastic tearing and the plastic base material breaking, and the interface pulling failure load is small. When the interfacial plastic tear and the plastic base material break, the strength of the joint reaches or even exceeds the strength of the base metal, and the tensile curve appears obvious yield stage after the linear change. The yield stage of base metal fracture is long and the strength of this joint is the highest. In order to improve the welding quality, ultrasonic assisted welding was applied to the welding process. By comparing and analyzing with the conventional technology, the molding and mechanical properties of the ultrasonic assisted front and rear joints were studied, and the ultrasonic assisted joint was applied under the same parameters. The ultrasonic assistant can obviously improve the quality of the joint, increase the effective connection area, increase the strength by about 10% and decrease the dispersion of the results. The bonding mechanism of ABS plastics and metals was studied by observing the micromorphology of the joint cross section and interfacial plastic tearing, analyzing the interface element energy spectrum, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and obtained that the connection between ABS plastics and metals was mechanical interlocking. Multiple mechanisms of diffusion and coordination bond work together.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG453.9

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