本文選題：2219鋁合金 + X射線衍射　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：2219鋁合金以其高強(qiáng)度及良好的斷裂韌性等優(yōu)點(diǎn)而被廣泛用于航天火箭燃料槽與氧化劑槽等方面,其焊接件的焊接殘余應(yīng)力嚴(yán)重影響到焊接結(jié)構(gòu)的使用性和結(jié)構(gòu)安全可靠性。感應(yīng)加熱技術(shù)在加熱時熱源集中、加熱效率高以及可實現(xiàn)局部熱處理等優(yōu)點(diǎn),使其可以成為有效的大型焊接件殘余應(yīng)力去除技術(shù),但目前針對2219鋁合金焊接件感應(yīng)加熱熱處理去應(yīng)力的研究較少。本文通過有限元模擬和X射線衍射法開展對2219鋁合金不同焊接方法的殘余應(yīng)力表征和感應(yīng)加熱熱處理去應(yīng)力技術(shù)的研究。針對X射線應(yīng)力測量方法,研究了物理和化學(xué)兩種拋光預(yù)處理工藝以及粗糙度對表面應(yīng)力測量結(jié)果的影響。測試結(jié)果表明,化學(xué)拋光方法與物理拋光方法相比,處理后的樣品表面形貌鋸齒狀尖端更少以及不產(chǎn)生附加的表面變形擾動層。同時樣品表面粗糙度對于X射線應(yīng)力測量結(jié)果影響較大,實驗結(jié)果表明,粗糙度降低到一定范圍內(nèi)時,測量結(jié)果穩(wěn)定,接近真實值。采用MSC.Marc商業(yè)有限元模擬軟件開展對2219鋁合金鎢極氬弧熔焊和攪拌摩擦不同焊接方法的殘余應(yīng)力有限元模擬,通過模擬和X射線法實測對比不同焊接方法下2219鋁合金焊后殘余應(yīng)力場的大小和分布特征;通過二次開發(fā)子程序編譯,實現(xiàn)基于攪拌針熱源和熱機(jī)耦合模型下2219鋁合金攪拌摩擦焊殘余應(yīng)力的模擬,同時研究一定范圍內(nèi),焊接速度和主軸轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)對該模型下焊接溫度和殘余應(yīng)力的影響。結(jié)果表明,兩種不同焊接方法有限元模擬計算的焊縫區(qū)域尺寸與實測結(jié)果吻合,X射線應(yīng)力測試結(jié)果與有限元模擬結(jié)果一致,證明了焊接熱源模型和力學(xué)計算的合理性,對比結(jié)果顯示攪拌摩擦焊可以實現(xiàn)較小殘余應(yīng)力的焊接。通過感應(yīng)加熱裝置,實現(xiàn)了對2219鋁合金焊接件焊縫區(qū)域的局部去應(yīng)力熱處理,結(jié)果顯示,在時效溫度范圍內(nèi),隨著感應(yīng)加熱溫度的提高,殘余應(yīng)力峰值不斷降低,其中拉應(yīng)力峰值降低明顯,熱處理溫度越高,應(yīng)力分布越趨近于均勻化。通過MSC.MARC子程序編譯實現(xiàn)了感應(yīng)加熱熱處理的計算,熱循環(huán)測試結(jié)果以及X射線應(yīng)力測試結(jié)果與計算結(jié)果吻合,證明了簡化等密度感應(yīng)加熱熱源有限元模擬的合理性。
[Abstract]:2219 aluminum alloy has been widely used in space rocket fuel tank and oxidant tank due to its high strength and good fracture toughness. The welding residual stress of the welded parts seriously affects the serviceability of the welded structure and the safety and reliability of the structure. Induction heating technology has the advantages of concentrated heat source, high heating efficiency and local heat treatment, which makes it an effective residual stress removal technology for large welded parts. However, there are few researches on induction heating and heat treatment of 2219 aluminum alloy welds. In this paper, finite element simulation and X-ray diffraction method are used to study the residual stress characterization of different welding methods of 2219 aluminum alloy and the technique of heat treatment of induction heating to remove stress. Aiming at the X-ray stress measurement method, the physical and chemical pretreatment processes and the effect of roughness on the surface stress measurement results are studied. The test results show that compared with physical polishing, the surface morphology of the treated samples has fewer zigzag tip and no additional surface deformation disturbance layer. At the same time, the surface roughness of the sample has a great influence on the X-ray stress measurement results. The experimental results show that when the roughness decreases to a certain range, the measured results are stable and close to the real value. MSC.Marc commercial finite element simulation software was used to simulate the residual stress of 2219 aluminum alloy welding by argon tungsten arc welding and friction stir welding. The size and distribution of residual stress field of 2219 aluminum alloy after welding were compared by simulation and X-ray method. The residual stress of 2219 aluminum alloy friction stir welding is simulated based on the coupling model of heat source and heat engine. The effects of welding speed and spindle rotation number on the welding temperature and residual stress in the model are also studied. The results show that the size of weld zone calculated by finite element simulation of two different welding methods is in agreement with the measured results. The results of X-ray stress measurement are in agreement with the results of finite element simulation, which proves the rationality of welding heat source model and mechanical calculation. The results show that friction stir welding can realize the welding of small residual stress. By means of induction heating device, the local stress-free heat treatment of weld area of 2219 aluminum alloy welds is realized. The results show that the peak value of residual stress decreases with the increase of induction heating temperature in the range of aging temperature. The peak value of tensile stress decreases obviously, and the higher the heat treatment temperature, the more homogeneous the stress distribution is. The calculation of induction heating heat treatment is realized by MSC.MARC subprogram. The results of thermal cycle test and X-ray stress test are in agreement with the calculated results, which proves the rationality of simplified finite element simulation of induction heating heat source with equal density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG457.14

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