本文選題：析出相 + 晶體結(jié)構(gòu)�。� 參考：《中國(guó)材料進(jìn)展》2017年06期

【摘要】：材料基因工程是鋁合金實(shí)現(xiàn)高效設(shè)計(jì)的必經(jīng)途徑,而定量結(jié)構(gòu)表征是鋁合金設(shè)計(jì)和制造知識(shí)系統(tǒng)中關(guān)于微結(jié)構(gòu)模擬及其控制的不可或缺的輸入及驗(yàn)證。對(duì)鋁合金而言,定量的微納尺度結(jié)構(gòu)表征包括精準(zhǔn)的物相晶體結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定、成分測(cè)定等,以及在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的物相尺寸、數(shù)密度及體積分?jǐn)?shù)等關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的精準(zhǔn)測(cè)量。以Al-Mg-Si(-Cu)合金為例,綜述了系列表征技術(shù)在鋁合金微納結(jié)構(gòu)定量表征中的應(yīng)用。首先,指出高分辨透射電子顯微術(shù)、高角環(huán)形暗場(chǎng)及環(huán)形明場(chǎng)掃描透射電子顯微術(shù)等技術(shù)對(duì)研究鋁合金中常見(jiàn)的納米析出相的原子尺度結(jié)構(gòu)有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì),但是也存在電子束損傷高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);三維原子探針尤其適合對(duì)原子團(tuán)簇及納米析出相進(jìn)行精準(zhǔn)的成分測(cè)定,但也存在樣品小、破壞性檢測(cè)、無(wú)法達(dá)到原子分辨率的問(wèn)題;而選區(qū)電子衍射等傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)則正好與之互補(bǔ),同時(shí)低電壓、低劑量率的高分辨TEM觀察也是未來(lái)值得努力的方向之一。其次,介紹了最近發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種主要基于傳統(tǒng)的會(huì)聚束電子衍射來(lái)測(cè)量納米析出相體積分?jǐn)?shù)的精準(zhǔn)易行的方法。最后,指出在未來(lái)研究中,結(jié)合前述納米至原子尺度結(jié)構(gòu)表征手段以及聚焦離子束連續(xù)切片法、電子全息照相術(shù)、X射線(xiàn)納米全息照相術(shù)等微米-納米之間尺度的表征手段對(duì)鋁合金實(shí)現(xiàn)多過(guò)程、跨尺度定量結(jié)構(gòu)表征的意義,并指出基于原位加熱TEM觀察來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)表征是未來(lái)的重要發(fā)展方向之一。
[Abstract]:Material genetic engineering is a necessary way to realize high efficiency design of aluminum alloy. Quantitative structural characterization is an indispensable input and verification of microstructure simulation and control in aluminum alloy design and manufacturing knowledge system. For aluminum alloys, quantitative characterization of micro- and nanoscale structures includes accurate identification of phase crystal structure, determination of composition, and accurate measurement of key structural parameters such as phase size, number density and volume fraction. Taking Al-Mg-Si-Cu) alloy as an example, the application of a series of characterization techniques in quantitative characterization of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy was reviewed. Firstly, it is pointed out that the techniques of high resolution transmission electron microscopy, high angle ring dark field and ring open field scanning transmission electron microscopy have obvious advantages in studying the atom-scale structures of the common nano-precipitated phases in aluminum alloys. However, there is also the risk of high electron beam damage. Three-dimensional atomic probe is especially suitable for accurate determination of atomic clusters and nano-precipitates, but there are also the problems of small sample size and destructive detection, which can not achieve atomic resolution. Traditional techniques, such as selective electron diffraction, complement each other, and high resolution TEM observation with low voltage and low dose rate is one of the promising directions in the future. Secondly, a recently developed method for measuring the volume fraction of nanocrystalline precipitates based on conventional convergent beam electron diffraction is introduced. Finally, it is pointed out that in the future research, the method of characterization of nano- to atom-scale structures and the focused ion beam continuous slice method are used. Electron holography and X-ray nanoscale holography and other means of characterization between micron and nanometer scales are of significance for the quantitative characterization of aluminum alloys by means of multi-process and cross-scale quantification. It is pointed out that dynamic structure characterization based on in-situ heating TEM observation is one of the important development directions in the future.
【作者單位】： 中南大學(xué)粉末冶金國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中德鋁合金微結(jié)構(gòu)聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中鋁科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院有限公司;中南大學(xué)材料科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(51501230,51531009) 中國(guó)博士后基金面上項(xiàng)目(2016M600634)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG146.21

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本文編號(hào)：1967713