發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 16:31

  本文選題：Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼 + 化合物相��； 參考：《重慶大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：不銹鋼輕量化在車輛、船舶、潛艇和航空等領(lǐng)域有著巨大的應(yīng)用前景,傳統(tǒng)的鉻不銹鋼不能完全滿足現(xiàn)在交通工具發(fā)展需要。目前正研究的Fe-Mn-Al系輕質(zhì)不銹鋼因耐蝕性較傳統(tǒng)鉻不銹鋼差,機(jī)械性能也沒(méi)充分發(fā)揮,還未能走向?qū)嵱?廉價(jià)的合金元素氮能同時(shí)提高鋼的耐蝕性和強(qiáng)度、硬度、耐磨性等機(jī)械性能,但目前有關(guān)含氮輕質(zhì)不銹鋼的研究和應(yīng)用不多。另外,Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼中化合物相種類繁多,目前有關(guān)這類鋼中化合物相的種類和析出規(guī)律還不清楚,研究其化合物相析出規(guī)律顯得尤為必要。本文在文獻(xiàn)分析的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)理論計(jì)算和前人研究設(shè)計(jì)出了一種Fe-9%Mn-15%Al-0.65%C-0.2%N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼;用25KG感應(yīng)爐冶煉制備出了19KG Fe-8.37%Mn-15.97%Al-0.65%C-0.2%N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼鋼錠,結(jié)合熱力學(xué)計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,較系統(tǒng)地研究了Fe-Mn-Al-C-N不銹鋼中化合物相的析出規(guī)律,熱力學(xué)參數(shù)和分布,利用酸浸實(shí)驗(yàn)、鹽霧實(shí)驗(yàn)和電化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試其耐蝕性能并分析其耐蝕機(jī)理,并且測(cè)試其密度。研究結(jié)果如下:冶煉后的Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼,無(wú)宏觀缺陷,含鋁15.97%、錳8.37%,成分差異的主要原因是熔煉時(shí)氮化錳鐵加入分解速度過(guò)快,導(dǎo)致鋼液沸騰漫出;Fe-Mn-Al-C-N五元體系中,可能形成的化合物相種類繁復(fù);XRD研究結(jié)果顯示Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼鑄態(tài)物相主要有:鐵素體、AlMn和Fe Al金屬間化合物、Mn4N和AlN氮化物;利用已有液態(tài)鋼液熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼熔點(diǎn)約1420℃,AlN較Fe3C在鋼液中優(yōu)先析出;利用Miedema模型和周國(guó)治模型計(jì)算固態(tài)Fe-Mn-Al-C-N五元系中Fe Al和Mn4N生成溫度分別為1210℃和1072℃;Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼熱分析結(jié)果,1410℃是其熔化點(diǎn),較前面計(jì)算1420℃相差不大;Fe Al生成溫度是1260℃,與前面計(jì)算1210℃接近;1031℃是Mn4N生成溫度,與計(jì)算的1075℃接近;實(shí)驗(yàn)中由于缺少AlMn熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),沒(méi)有利用Miedema計(jì)算其析出溫度,但結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)分析AlMn的析出溫度為934℃;600℃為Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼奧氏體化溫度;金相顯微鏡下觀察Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼鑄態(tài)組織發(fā)現(xiàn):本次冶煉鋼種無(wú)宏觀缺陷;化合物相在基體上呈蠕蟲(chóng)狀,并且主要在晶界處連網(wǎng)分布;結(jié)合掃描電子顯微鏡能譜分析,第二相中含有富錳相;結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)分析基體晶界處白亮的多邊形第二相為AlN,其他相分布暫時(shí)沒(méi)有確定;排水法測(cè)得Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼密度為6.91g/cm2,較3Cr13不銹鋼的密度7.82g/cm2降低了12%,密度有了很大的降低,用鋁代替鉻確實(shí)起到了輕量化的效果;濃硝酸浸泡實(shí)驗(yàn),鹽霧實(shí)驗(yàn)和極化曲線測(cè)試結(jié)果表明:Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼具有一定耐蝕性,但稍差于3Cr13不銹鋼,主要原因是Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼化合物相連網(wǎng)分布;Fe-Mn-Al-C-N輕質(zhì)不銹鋼耐蝕性的提高主要依賴Al形成致密氧化膜和N形成銨根鈍化鋼表面;但是由于含鋁金屬間化合物形成導(dǎo)致第二相與基體形成原電池,Al失去電子溶于溶液加速鋼腐蝕速度,Al失去原有形成致密氧化膜的作用;要提高鋼的耐蝕性能,必須減少鋼中化合物相的量,控制其形態(tài)和尺寸,防止其連網(wǎng)析出。
[Abstract]:The light weight of stainless steel has a great application prospect in the fields of vehicles, ships, submarines and aeronautics. The traditional chromium stainless steel can not fully meet the needs of the development of traffic tools. The Fe-Mn-Al light stainless steel is currently being studied because the corrosion resistance of the light stainless steel is worse than the traditional chromium stainless steel, and the mechanical energy is not fully utilized. The alloy element nitrogen can improve the corrosion resistance, strength, hardness and wear resistance of the steel at the same time. But at present, the research and application of the light stainless steel containing nitrogen is not much. In addition, there are a wide variety of compounds in the Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel. On the basis of literature analysis, a kind of light stainless steel Fe-9%Mn-15%Al-0.65%C-0.2%N was designed based on theoretical calculation and previous research. The 19KG Fe-8.37%Mn-15.97%Al-0.65%C-0.2%N light stainless steel ingot was prepared by 25KG induction furnace, and the thermodynamic calculation and experimental test were combined. The precipitation law, thermodynamic parameters and distribution of the compound phase in Fe-Mn-Al-C-N stainless steel were systematically studied. The corrosion resistance of the compound was tested by acid leaching experiment, salt fog experiment and electrochemical experiment, and its corrosion resistance mechanism was analyzed and its density was tested. The results are as follows: after smelting, the Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel has no macroscopic defect and 15. aluminum. 97%, manganese 8.37%, the main reason for the difference in composition is that the decomposition rate of ferromanganese is too fast during melting, which leads to the boiling of molten steel, and the compound phase may be formed in the Fe-Mn-Al-C-N five element system. The results of XRD study show that the phases of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel as cast state are ferrite, AlMn and Fe Al intermetallic compounds, Mn4N And AlN nitrogen compounds; the melting point of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel is calculated by using the thermodynamic data of liquid steel liquid, and the melting point of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel is about 1420 C, AlN is preferentially precipitated in the molten steel, and the Miedema and Zhou Guozhi models are used to calculate the Fe Al and Mn4N formation temperatures in the solid-state Fe-Mn-Al-C-N five elements, respectively, at 1210 and 1072; Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel. The results show that the melting point at 1410 C is less than the previous calculation at 1420. The Fe Al generation temperature is 1260 C, which is close to the previous calculation 1210 C; 1031 C is the Mn4N generation temperature, which is close to the calculated 1075 degrees C. In the experiment, the precipitation temperature was not calculated with Miedema because of the lack of AlMn thermodynamic data, but the precipitation temperature of AlMn was analyzed in the literature. The austenitizing temperature of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel at 600 C is 934 degrees C, and the cast microstructure of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel is observed under metallographic microscope. It is found that there is no macroscopic defect in this smelting steel; the phase of the compound is worm like in the matrix and is mainly distributed in the grain boundary; in combination with the scanning electron microscope, the energy spectrum analysis and the second phase The second phase of the bright polygon at the grain boundary of the matrix is AlN, and the other phase distribution is not determined for the time being. The density of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel is 6.91g/cm2, and the density 7.82g/cm2 of the 3Cr13 stainless steel is reduced by 12%, the density has been greatly reduced, and the use of aluminum instead of chromium has played a light weight effect. The results of immersion test in concentrated nitric acid, salt spray test and polarization curve test show that Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel has a certain corrosion resistance, but slightly worse than 3Cr13 stainless steel, the main reason is the distribution network of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel compound, and the improvement of corrosion resistance of Fe-Mn-Al-C-N light stainless steel is mainly dependent on Al to form dense oxide film and N The surface of the steel is passivated with ammonium, but because of the formation of the second phase and the matrix formed by the formation of the aluminum intermetallic compound, the Al loses the corrosion rate of the electrons to accelerate the corrosion of the steel, and the Al loses the original formation of the dense oxide film. To improve the corrosion resistance of the steel, the amount of the compound in the steel must be reduced, the shape and size of the steel must be controlled and the prevention of its shape and size is prevented. Its network precipitated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TG142.71

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