本文選題：電解質(zhì)等離子拋光 + 基本規(guī)律��； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：不銹鋼材料由于具有良好的耐腐蝕性、成型性、寬溫度范圍的強(qiáng)韌性、經(jīng)濟(jì)和適用性,使其在化工、制藥、食品、生活用品以及建筑裝飾行業(yè)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。為了使不銹鋼制品有良好的使用性能和光潔的外觀,需要對成型后的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行拋光處理,尤其在制藥、餐飲食品及化工行業(yè)。目前,對不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面進(jìn)行拋光的主要有酸洗和電化學(xué)加工方法,也有部分學(xué)者研究了用于不銹鋼管內(nèi)表面機(jī)械拋磨設(shè)備。酸洗和電化學(xué)加工成本高,廢液難處理,對環(huán)境有污染。機(jī)械拋光加工過程會產(chǎn)生金屬粉塵,并且只能加工結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的工件,對于形貌復(fù)雜的工件,往往捉襟見肘。因此,尋找一種綠色高效的不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面拋光方法具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的意義。針對不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面拋光的問題,本文對不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面電解質(zhì)等離子拋光技術(shù)進(jìn)行了相關(guān)探索和研究,將電解質(zhì)等離子加工技術(shù)引入不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面拋光中來代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的拋光方法。以期取得良好的加工效果,找出部分不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面拋光的最佳工藝,提供一種新的不銹鋼制品內(nèi)表面拋光方法,為后續(xù)的研究打下基礎(chǔ)。電解質(zhì)等離子加工技術(shù)使用清潔的電能和低濃度的鹽溶液,對環(huán)境無污染,可以拋光復(fù)雜形貌的金屬制品,能大幅度的降低設(shè)備成本,簡化操作和拋光工序。試驗(yàn)證明,電解質(zhì)等離子加工技術(shù)能夠?qū)Σ讳P鋼制品進(jìn)行內(nèi)表面拋光,提高其表面質(zhì)量。本文在電解質(zhì)等離子去毛刺拋光的加工機(jī)理的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了電解質(zhì)等離子加工需要具備的條件。提出用中心電極法進(jìn)行內(nèi)表面的加工,以304不銹鋼管為樣件,通過試驗(yàn)對該方法進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,找出了不銹鋼管內(nèi)表面拋光的電壓參數(shù)和拋光方法。搭建了用于內(nèi)表面拋光的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,在此基礎(chǔ)上針對不銹鋼管內(nèi)表面拋光問題進(jìn)行了系列的試驗(yàn),考察了各工藝參數(shù)對拋光后內(nèi)表面粗糙度的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)增加拋光液濃度有利于內(nèi)表面加工的平穩(wěn)性,并得出了電解質(zhì)等離子內(nèi)表面拋光的基本規(guī)律。進(jìn)一步以電解液流量、溫度、濃度和加工時間為影響因素進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn),分析了各影響因素的主次順序,得出了最佳加工參數(shù)。利用最優(yōu)參數(shù)對Φ25mm,長度50mm的不銹鋼管進(jìn)行了加工,用OLS3000共聚焦顯微鏡對距離下端口處10mm的切片進(jìn)行檢測,對加工前后的內(nèi)表面微觀形貌和粗糙度進(jìn)行對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)微觀形貌變得平滑,表面粗糙度從初始的0.6113μm降低到了0.0541μm。隨后,對不銹鋼盲孔內(nèi)表面進(jìn)行了拋光,取得了良好的拋光效果,并分析了不銹鋼保溫杯的特點(diǎn)和拋光要求,設(shè)計(jì)了專用的夾具對保溫杯進(jìn)行了拋光,提高了其內(nèi)表面的光潔度。
[Abstract]:Stainless steel materials have been widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, food, household products and architectural decoration industry due to their good corrosion resistance, formability, strength and toughness over a wide range of temperature, economy and applicability. In order to make stainless steel products have good performance and smooth appearance, it is necessary to polish the formed products, especially in the pharmaceutical, catering and chemical industries. At present, the internal surface polishing of stainless steel products mainly includes acid cleaning and electrochemical machining, and some scholars have also studied the mechanical polishing equipment for stainless steel tube inner surface. High cost of acid pickling and electrochemical processing, difficult to deal with waste liquid, pollution to the environment. Metal dust will be produced in the process of mechanical polishing, and only the workpiece with simple structure can be machined, but for the workpiece with complicated morphology, it is often overstretched. Therefore, it is of practical significance to find a green and efficient polishing method for stainless steel internal surface. Aiming at the problem of internal surface polishing of stainless steel products, the plasma polishing technology of electrolytes on the inner surface of stainless steel products has been explored and studied in this paper. The electrolytes plasma processing technology was introduced to the internal surface polishing of stainless steel products to replace the traditional polishing methods. In order to obtain good processing effect, to find out the best process of internal surface polishing of some stainless steel products, to provide a new polishing method for stainless steel products, and to lay a foundation for further research. Electrolytes plasma processing technology uses clean electric energy and low concentration of salt solution, which can not pollute the environment, can polish metal products with complex morphology, can greatly reduce the cost of equipment, and simplify the operation and polishing process. The results show that the electrolytes plasma processing technology can improve the surface quality of stainless steel products by internal surface polishing. On the basis of the machining mechanism of electrolyte plasma deburring polishing, the necessary conditions of electrolyte plasma processing are analyzed in this paper. The inner surface of 304 stainless steel pipe was processed by the central electrode method. The method was verified by experiments, and the voltage parameters and polishing methods of the inner surface polishing of stainless steel tube were found out. An experimental platform for internal surface polishing was set up, and a series of experiments were carried out on the internal surface polishing of stainless steel tube. The influence of various process parameters on the internal surface roughness after polishing was investigated. It is found that increasing the concentration of polishing liquid is beneficial to the smoothness of internal surface processing, and the basic rules of internal surface polishing of electrolyte plasma are obtained. Furthermore, orthogonal experiments were carried out with the electrolyte flow rate, temperature, concentration and processing time as the influencing factors, and the order of the influencing factors was analyzed, and the optimum processing parameters were obtained. The 桅 25mm and length 50mm stainless steel tubes were fabricated by using the optimal parameters. The 10mm sections at the distance were detected by OLS3000 confocal microscope, and the internal surface morphology and roughness were compared before and after processing. It was found that the surface roughness decreased from 0.6113 渭 m to 0.0541 渭 m. Then, the inner surface of the blind hole of stainless steel was polished, and a good polishing effect was obtained. The characteristics and polishing requirements of stainless steel insulation cup were analyzed, and a special fixture was designed to polish the insulation cup. The finish of the inner surface is improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG175.1

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本文編號：1890824