發(fā)布時間：2018-05-12 05:29

  本文選題：凸輪軸磨床 + 高速磨削��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著國家對環(huán)保的重視,汽車和內(nèi)燃機(jī)的排放要求更加嚴(yán)格,對控制氣門開閉機(jī)構(gòu)的凸輪軸制造也提出的新的要求,對氣門開閉進(jìn)行更準(zhǔn)確的控制,對凸輪軸的相位角和升程誤差精度要求提高,傳統(tǒng)的凸輪軸靠模加工方法很難達(dá)到要求,這就促使數(shù)控凸輪軸磨床得到快速發(fā)展和普及,數(shù)控凸輪軸磨床大多采用CBN砂輪磨削,砂輪線速度得到了提高,加工效率和表面質(zhì)量也得到了提高,但也帶來的新的問題。如:砂輪線速度提高后對切向磨削力和砂輪主電動機(jī)功率的影響;CBN砂輪修整;砂輪線速度提高后冷卻及表面損傷的問題等。數(shù)控凸輪軸磨床的節(jié)能環(huán)保是我們所追求的,磨削的比磨削能比其它加工方法大很多倍。國外的凸輪軸磨床總功率達(dá)到90k W左右,而國內(nèi)的凸輪軸磨床總功率有的已經(jīng)達(dá)到120k W左右,這使得凸輪軸磨削加工的能源消耗較大,如何降低能源消耗,我們從砂輪線速度提高后對切向磨削力進(jìn)行研究,磨削功率主要是對切向磨削力作功,我們對砂輪線速度和切向磨削力進(jìn)行測量并分析,得出砂輪線速度和切向磨削力與磨削功率的關(guān)系,以實現(xiàn)節(jié)能增效,使設(shè)計的數(shù)控凸輪軸磨床更合理。數(shù)控凸輪軸磨床使用CBN砂輪磨削,砂輪修整的好壞對凸輪表面的影響是很大的。砂輪修整包括修型和修銳,對于不同的砂輪結(jié)合劑應(yīng)選擇合適的速比進(jìn)行修銳,本文通過對不同的速比和徑向進(jìn)給量進(jìn)行修整,通過測量所磨削的凸輪軸表面粗糙度,得出一個合理的砂輪修整速比范圍,供凸輪軸加工企業(yè)進(jìn)行參考。試驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)在同一砂輪線速度下單位寬度金屬切除率′與切向磨削力的比值為一定值,對磨削冷硬鑄鐵凸輪軸的凸輪寬度與磨削功率及砂輪線速度的影響進(jìn)行定量分析,試驗中得出單位寬度砂輪磨削功率,在日后的數(shù)控凸輪軸磨床設(shè)計中可根據(jù)單位寬度砂輪磨削功率和待磨削凸輪寬度對砂輪主電動機(jī)功率進(jìn)行選擇,以達(dá)到節(jié)能增效的目的。比磨削能隨切向磨削力的增大而降低,切向磨削力越大,比磨削能值也越低。說明在切向磨削力增大的情況下金屬較易被切除,這是因為隨著切向磨削力的加大,金屬切屑層厚度變厚的緣故;在相同的切向磨削力條件下砂輪線速度增大后比磨削能增大,砂輪線速度越高,比磨削能值也越高。說明在砂輪線速度增大的情況下金屬切屑層厚度變薄。由此可知把相同體積的金屬切削成較細(xì)的切屑比切削成較粗的切屑消耗的能量要多。
[Abstract]:With the attention of the state to environmental protection, the emission requirements of automobiles and internal combustion engines are more stringent, and the new requirements for the camshaft manufacturing of the valve opening and closing mechanism are also put forward, and the valve opening and closing is more accurately controlled, the accuracy of the camshaft phase angle and the accuracy of the lift error is improved. The traditional camshaft model processing method is difficult to meet the requirements. This leads to the rapid development and popularization of the CNC camshaft grinder. Most of the CNC camshaft grinder are grinded by CBN grinding wheel, the speed of the grinding wheel line is improved, the machining efficiency and the surface quality have been improved, but the new problems are also brought about, such as the effect on the tangential grinding force and the power of the main motor of the grinding wheel after the speed of the grinding wheel line is raised. CBN grinding wheel dressing, the problem of cooling and surface damage after the grinding wheel speed increases. The energy saving and environmental protection of the CNC camshaft grinder is our pursuit. The grinding energy is much larger than that of other processing methods. The total power of the camshaft grinder abroad is about 90K W, and the total power of the camshaft grinder at home has reached 120K W This makes the camshaft grinding energy consumes greatly, and how to reduce the energy consumption. We study the tangential grinding force after the speed of the grinding wheel. The grinding power is mainly done to the tangential grinding force. We measure the speed of the grinding wheel and the tangent grinding force and analyze the grinding wheel speed and the tangent grinding force. The relationship with grinding power to achieve energy efficiency and increase efficiency makes the design of the CNC camshaft grinder more reasonable. The CNC camshaft grinder is grinded with CBN grinding wheel, and the effect of grinding wheel dressing on the surface of the cam is very large. By measuring the surface roughness of the camshaft, a reasonable ratio range is obtained by measuring the surface roughness of the camshaft, and a reference is made for the convex wheel shaft processing enterprise. The ratio of the ratio of the unit width to the cutting force of the unit width at the same grinding wheel speed is found to be a certain value. The influence of the cam width on the grinding power and the grinding wheel speed of the grinding camshaft is analyzed. The grinding power of the unit width grinding wheel is obtained in the experiment. The power of the main motor of the grinding wheel can be selected according to the grinding power of the unit width grinding wheel and the width of the grinding cam in the design of the NC camshaft grinder in the future. To achieve the purpose of saving energy and increasing efficiency, the specific grinding energy decreases with the increase of tangential grinding force, the greater the tangential grinding force is, the lower the ratio of the grinding energy is, indicating that the metal is easier to be removed in the case of the increase of the tangent grinding force, because the thickness of the metal chip thickness is thickened with the increase of the tangent grinding force; the same tangential grinding force is made. Under the condition that the grinding wheel speed increases, the speed of the grinding wheel is higher and the value of the specific grinding energy is higher. It shows that the thickness of the metal chip layer becomes thinner in the case of the increase of the grinding wheel line speed. Thus, it can be seen that cutting the same volume of metal into the finer chip is more energy consuming than cutting the coarser chip.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG596

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