微型數(shù)控銑床及嵌入式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)研究
本文選題:五軸微型數(shù)控銑床 + ARM ; 參考:《山東理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文
【摘要】:隨著現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)技術(shù)的不斷更新與發(fā)展,機(jī)械零件向著微型、高精度、復(fù)雜曲面方向發(fā)展,傳統(tǒng)的三軸數(shù)控銑床已經(jīng)滿足不了復(fù)雜曲面的加工要求;對于微小型零件的加工,使用大型五軸數(shù)控機(jī)床具有成本高、加工效率低等缺點(diǎn);大型數(shù)控機(jī)床價(jià)格昂貴,高校大型數(shù)控設(shè)備緊缺,學(xué)生動(dòng)手實(shí)踐機(jī)會少,缺乏實(shí)際操作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是現(xiàn)在高校開展數(shù)控技術(shù)實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)過程中急需解決的問題。本文在分析了國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有微型機(jī)床的基礎(chǔ)上,設(shè)計(jì)了基于ARM嵌入式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的五軸微型數(shù)控銑床。本論文主要完成的工作有以下幾個(gè)方面:第一,完成了五軸微型數(shù)控銑床的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。利用UG軟件完成銑床的三維建模及裝配,并對銑床進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)仿真。利用ANSYS WORKBENCH軟件對機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行有限元靜力學(xué)分析,證明銑床關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)可以滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。第二,完成了微型數(shù)控銑床控制系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能需求,完成了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制方案以及軟件系統(tǒng)流程圖的設(shè)計(jì)。最后,完成單片機(jī)的選型及主要芯片的選擇。第三,設(shè)計(jì)ARM單片機(jī)電路原理圖,完成電源電路、工作臺步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制電路、主軸電機(jī)電路、光電限位開關(guān)與編碼器控制電路及串口通信電路等數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì)。完成驅(qū)動(dòng)器接線設(shè)計(jì)及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件控制箱的接線。最后,利用Delphi與keil5分別作為上位機(jī)與下位機(jī)程序編譯軟件,采用模塊化設(shè)計(jì)思路對數(shù)控銑床控制系統(tǒng)軟件程序進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。主要完成了人機(jī)交互界面顯示、NC文檔的操作、參數(shù)設(shè)置與譯碼、模擬運(yùn)行及串口通訊等非實(shí)時(shí)性程序的設(shè)計(jì)以及串口通訊、譯碼、插補(bǔ)算法計(jì)算、電機(jī)信號控制、反饋等實(shí)時(shí)性高的程序設(shè)計(jì)。該數(shù)控銑床及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的研發(fā)可以滿足企業(yè)及高校的使用后要求。與大型五軸數(shù)控銑床相比,該數(shù)控銑床的性價(jià)比極高,能夠在企業(yè)及高校中得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:With the continuous updating and development of modern manufacturing technology, mechanical parts are developing towards micro, high precision and complex surfaces. The traditional three axis NC milling machine can not meet the requirements of machining complex surfaces. The use of large five-axis CNC machine tools has the disadvantages of high cost, low processing efficiency, high price, shortage of large numerical control equipment in colleges and universities, and less practical opportunities for students. Lack of practical experience is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of NC experiment teaching in colleges and universities. Based on the analysis of the existing micro machine tools at home and abroad, a five axis micro NC milling machine based on ARM embedded numerical control system is designed in this paper. The main work of this thesis is as follows: first, the structure design of five-axis micro-NC milling machine is completed. The 3D modeling and assembly of milling machine are completed by UG software, and the kinematics simulation of milling machine is carried out. The finite element statics analysis of mechanical structure is carried out by using ANSYS WORKBENCH software. It is proved that the structural design of the key parts of milling machine can meet the design requirements. Secondly, the overall design of the control system of micro NC milling machine is completed. According to the function requirement of NC system, the control scheme and the flow chart of software are designed. Finally, the selection of microcontroller and the selection of main chips are completed. Thirdly, the design of ARM single-chip microcomputer circuit schematic, complete the power circuit, stage stepping motor control circuit, spindle motor circuit, photoelectric limit switch and encoder control circuit, serial communication circuit and other CNC system hardware circuit design. Complete driver wiring design and CNC system hardware control box wiring. Finally, the software of NC milling machine control system is designed by using Delphi and keil5 as the program compiling software of upper computer and lower computer, respectively. The operation of man-machine interface display NC document, parameter setting and decoding, the design of non-real-time program such as simulation operation and serial communication, serial port communication, decoding, interpolation algorithm calculation, motor signal control, etc. Feedback and other high real-time programming. The development of NC milling machine and CNC system can meet the requirements of enterprises and universities. Compared with the large five axis NC milling machine, the NC milling machine has a high cost performance ratio and can be widely used in enterprises and universities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:山東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:TG547
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