本文選題：噴絲板 + 底孔　； 參考：《河南工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為紡機的關鍵核心零部件——噴絲板底孔的的孔型、結(jié)構(gòu)、加工精度以及加工質(zhì)量直接決定著化學纖維的生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量。噴絲板屬于高精密機械產(chǎn)品,每一個工序都有著非常高的要求,噴絲板的底孔深度和直徑的比值大,又是盲孔加工,且是典型大深徑比微小孔,值得注意的是,噴絲板加工生產(chǎn)80%以上的工時被用于孔道的加工。目前,國內(nèi)的噴絲板底孔加工方式是先利用麻花鉆粗加工,后利用扁鉆進行孔底的鉸削;人工加工存在以下問題:對心不準(主要是刀具與底孔)、鉆屑的排放與堆積、刀具折斷與磨損。如果要進行噴絲板底孔的CNC加工,必須要對加工過程中的刀具、鉆削工藝進行在線檢測,可以實時監(jiān)控和反饋并及時進行修正,并且進一步開發(fā)出多種功能集成于一體的全自動化在線檢測設備。本論文通過文獻分析和資料調(diào)查等手段研究了噴絲板底孔加工技術在國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,提出了本論文的研究方法和研究內(nèi)容,并著重研究了精鉆的各種參數(shù)及其優(yōu)化、扁鉆設計參數(shù)優(yōu)化、磨削優(yōu)化以及噴絲板底孔刀具的檢測。首先,在噴絲板底孔精鉆加工方面,本論文通過具體的試驗,從切削速度、進給量以及背吃刀量三個具體的參數(shù)來分析其對切削力和扭矩的影響;并通過試驗得出,主軸轉(zhuǎn)速保持在一定的轉(zhuǎn)速范圍內(nèi),硬質(zhì)合金制造的麻花鉆鉆孔數(shù)量遠遠高于高速鋼鉆頭;對于精鉆結(jié)束后,留底厚不統(tǒng)一的問題,本論文提出采用數(shù)控程序暫停方法保證統(tǒng)一留底厚。其次,本論文利用建模軟件對刀具和工件進行建模,采用Deform-3D有限元分析軟件對扁鉆加工進行了計算機仿真,重點對比了切削力和扭矩在不同工藝參數(shù)下的變化情況,從而為扁鉆切削工藝參數(shù)的確定提供了參考和理論依據(jù);對扁鉆的磨削加工過程工藝參數(shù)進行了研究。對扁鉆的不對稱性進行分析,提出了一種新的磨削工藝,發(fā)揮出了高精度磨床的功能,對于提高扁鉆的一致性以及扁鉆的優(yōu)化設計提供了強大的理論支持。此外,實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)扁鉆的前刀面的粗糙度對加工有比較明顯的影響,在實驗基礎上選擇了性價比最好的砂輪。最后,本文創(chuàng)造性地設計了一種專門用于噴絲板微孔刀具檢測的光、機、電一體化的全自動檢測設備。該檢測儀通過運動控制卡、四軸聯(lián)動精密平臺以及電機等設計了檢測儀的運動系統(tǒng),并根據(jù)刀具的位置偏差進行刀具的自動走位;利用圖像采集卡、CCD、工業(yè)鏡頭和光源等設計了噴絲板微孔刀具檢測儀的圖像采集系統(tǒng);并設計了微孔刀具工作狀況的檢測軟件。對各種不同種類的噴絲板微孔刀具的實際檢測實驗表明,該控制系統(tǒng)具有運行可靠、系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、檢測速度高的優(yōu)點,檢測長度精度可達±1μm,檢測角度精度可達±0.5°。噴絲板微孔刀具檢測儀可以在實際生產(chǎn)中代替人工檢測,大大緩解了檢測人員的工作壓力,提高了檢測效率和檢測精度,保證了微孔刀具的質(zhì)量和一致性。
[Abstract]:As the key component of spinning machine, the hole shape, structure, machining precision and machining quality of spinneret directly determine the production quality of chemical fiber. Spinneret is a kind of high precision mechanical product, every working procedure has very high requirements, the ratio of bottom hole depth to diameter of spinneret is large, it is also blind hole processing, and it is typical of large depth to diameter ratio tiny hole, it is worth noting that, More than 80% of the working hours of spinneret processing are used for the processing of holes. At present, the domestic machining method of the bottom hole of spinneret is to use the twist drill first and then the flat drill to refocus the bottom of the hole, and the following problems exist in manual machining: inaccuracy of center (mainly tools and bottom holes, discharge and accumulation of drilling chips, etc.) Tool breakage and wear. If the CNC machining of the bottom hole of the spinneret is to be carried out, the cutting tool and drilling process must be tested online, which can be monitored and feedback in real time and corrected in time. And further develop a variety of functions integrated in one of the full automatic online detection equipment. By means of literature analysis and data investigation, this paper studies the development status of spinneret bottom hole processing technology at home and abroad, puts forward the research methods and contents of this paper, and emphatically studies various parameters of fine drilling and its optimization. Flat drill design parameters optimization, grinding optimization and spinneret bottom hole tool detection. First of all, in the spinneret bottom hole precision drilling, this paper through the specific test, from the cutting speed, the feed rate and the back feed knife quantity three specific parameters to analyze its influence on the cutting force and the torque; If the spindle speed is kept within a certain speed range, the number of twist drills made by cemented carbide is much higher than that of high speed steel drill bits. In this paper, the method of NC program suspension is proposed to ensure uniform bottom thickness. Secondly, this paper uses the modeling software to model the tool and the workpiece, uses the Deform-3D finite element analysis software to carry on the computer simulation to the flat drill machining, emphatically contrasts the cutting force and the torque under the different craft parameter change situation. It provides a reference and theoretical basis for the determination of cutting parameters of flat drill, and studies the technological parameters of grinding process of flat drill. Based on the analysis of the asymmetry of flat drill, a new grinding technology is put forward, which brings into play the function of high precision grinder and provides a powerful theoretical support for improving the consistency of flat drill and optimizing the design of flat drill. In addition, it is found that the roughness of the front face of flat drill has obvious influence on machining. On the basis of the experiment, the grinding wheel with the best ratio of performance and price has been selected. Finally, this paper creatively designs a kind of automatic detecting equipment which is specially used for the inspection of spinneret microhole tool. The motion system of the tester is designed by motion control card, four-axis linkage precision platform and motor, and the tool's automatic position is carried out according to the position deviation of the tool. The image acquisition system of spinneret microhole tool detector is designed by using image acquisition card (CCD), industrial lens and light source, and the software is designed to detect the working condition of microhole cutter. The experimental results of various kinds of spinneret microhole cutting tools show that the control system has the advantages of reliable operation, stable system and high detection speed. The accuracy of length and angle can reach 鹵1 渭 m and 鹵0.5 擄respectively. The testing instrument of spinneret microhole tool can replace manual inspection in actual production, which greatly alleviates the working pressure of the tester, improves the detection efficiency and accuracy, and ensures the quality and consistency of the micro-hole tool.
【學位授予單位】：河南工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659;TQ340.5

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