本文選題：電火花加工　切入點(diǎn)：電容耦合　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在“中國(guó)制造2025”的大背景下,我國(guó)制造業(yè)趨向于精密化、智能化、高效化的方向發(fā)展。模具工業(yè)是制造業(yè)的基礎(chǔ),高精度、壽命長(zhǎng)、制造周期短、低成本的模具可大大促進(jìn)制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。大面積電火花精加工主要應(yīng)用于模具制造、航空宇航以及軍工產(chǎn)業(yè)等行業(yè)。在以往的電火花成型加工中,隨著加工面積的增大,即使使用很小的電規(guī)準(zhǔn),仍然難以獲得理想的表面精度。這是由于隨著加工面積的增大,工件與電極間的靜電容量增大,存儲(chǔ)的能量增多,導(dǎo)致放電時(shí)該電容存儲(chǔ)的能量釋放到極間增大放電能量,從而難以獲得較小的表面粗糙度�；陔娙蓠詈系拇竺娣e電火花加工方法是將脈沖電源與放電極間通過(guò)給電電容隔離,與傳統(tǒng)的RC張弛式脈沖電源以及獨(dú)立式晶體管脈沖電源相比,其特點(diǎn)是只有感應(yīng)電流、無(wú)傳導(dǎo)電流、避免了分布電容的影響。本文分析了基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工方法的工作原理;建立了基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工的仿真模型,并對(duì)其充放電特性進(jìn)行了仿真研究;進(jìn)行了電容耦合大面積電火花加工方法的三軸精密電火花加工平臺(tái)的搭建;對(duì)基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工方法的充電特性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果一致,獲得了該方法中極間間隙大于并接近放電間隙時(shí)脈沖電壓幅值與極間間隙之間的關(guān)系式;對(duì)基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工方法的放電特性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)深入的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,觀測(cè)了該方法放電過(guò)程的一般放電波形,分析了該方法中極間間隙遠(yuǎn)大于放電間隙的脈沖電壓幅值、給電電容、脈沖頻率、給電方式、加工面積對(duì)放電的影響;觀測(cè)并分析了基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工中的實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象,對(duì)該方法的加工特性進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究和理論分析,明確了流場(chǎng)條件、脈沖寬度、放電極性對(duì)積碳現(xiàn)象以及放電的影響;觀測(cè)并分析了持續(xù)加工中的放電狀態(tài)的變化規(guī)律;提出了基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工方法的兩種減小放電能量的途徑,并對(duì)兩種方法的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備及工藝需求進(jìn)行了分析;利用基于電容耦合的大面積電火花加工方法在直徑為100mm的SKD61模具鋼表面進(jìn)行加工得到Ra0.3~0.5μm的表面粗糙度。
[Abstract]:Under the background of "made in China 2025", China's manufacturing industry tends to develop in the direction of precision, intelligence and high efficiency.Mould industry is the foundation of manufacturing industry. The mould with high precision, long life, short manufacturing period and low cost can greatly promote the development of manufacturing industry.Large-area EDM is mainly used in die manufacturing, aerospace industry and military industry.In the past EDM, with the increase of machining area, it is still difficult to obtain the ideal surface precision even if small electrical gauge is used.This is because the electrostatic capacity between the workpiece and the electrode increases and the energy stored increases with the increase of the machining area, which results in the discharge of the energy released by the capacitor to increase the discharge energy between the electrodes, and it is difficult to obtain a smaller surface roughness.The method of large area EDM based on capacitive coupling is to isolate the pulse power supply from the discharge electrode by electric capacitance. Compared with the traditional RC Zhang Chi pulse power supply and the independent transistor pulse power supply, the characteristics of the EDM method are only inductive current.No conduction current, to avoid the effect of distributed capacitance.In this paper, the working principle of large area EDM based on capacitive coupling is analyzed, the simulation model of EDM based on capacitive coupling is established, and the charge-discharge characteristics of EDM are simulated.The three-axis precision EDM platform of capacitance-coupled large-area EDM is built, and the charging characteristics of the capacitance-coupled large-area EDM are studied experimentally, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.The relationship between the pulse voltage amplitude and the gap between the electrodes is obtained when the gap between the electrodes is larger than or close to the discharge gap, and the discharge characteristics of the large area EDM method based on capacitive coupling are studied systematically and experimentally.The general discharge waveforms of the discharge process are observed, and the effects of the pulse voltage amplitude, the electric capacitance, the pulse frequency, the power supply mode and the machining area on the discharge in the method are analyzed, in which the gap between the poles is far larger than the discharge gap.The experimental phenomena in large area EDM based on capacitive coupling are observed and analyzed. The processing characteristics of this method are studied experimentally and theoretically, and the flow field conditions and pulse width are determined.The effect of discharge polarity on carbon deposition and discharge; observing and analyzing the change of discharge state in continuous machining; proposing two ways to reduce discharge energy based on capacitive coupling method of large area EDM.The experimental equipment and process requirements of the two methods are analyzed, and the surface roughness of Ra0.3~0.5 渭 m is obtained by using the large area EDM method based on capacitive coupling on the surface of SKD61 die steel with diameter 100mm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG661

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