本文選題：主軸系統(tǒng)　切入點(diǎn)：狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著信息化時(shí)代的到來(lái),制造業(yè)與信息科技進(jìn)一步融合與發(fā)展,基于信息系統(tǒng)的智能裝備、智能工廠等正引領(lǐng)著制造方式的變革。傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)控機(jī)床越來(lái)無(wú)越法滿足加工過(guò)程高效化、自動(dòng)化的要求,實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)控機(jī)床的狀態(tài)與故障監(jiān)測(cè),對(duì)于提高生產(chǎn)效率、降低人力成本、提升生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的自動(dòng)化水平具有重要意義。本文以VDL-1000加工中心主軸系統(tǒng)為監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象,采用多個(gè)傳感器及數(shù)據(jù)采集卡等搭建硬件系統(tǒng),利用支持向量機(jī)等算法編制軟件系統(tǒng),建立了加工中心主軸狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),并通過(guò)相關(guān)試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的可行性。該監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)不僅提高了加工中心的自動(dòng)化水平,也為后續(xù)進(jìn)行機(jī)床加工過(guò)程的故障預(yù)警與診斷奠定了基礎(chǔ)。論文首先對(duì)VDL-1000加工中心及其主軸系統(tǒng)的主要結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了研究,對(duì)主軸系統(tǒng)的常見故障進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,確定了主軸狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)測(cè)參數(shù),并提出了監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的總體方案。論文選擇電流互感器、貼片式溫度傳感器、加速度傳感器、頻率變送器等分別對(duì)主軸系統(tǒng)的電流、溫度、振動(dòng)、轉(zhuǎn)速等參數(shù)進(jìn)行測(cè)量,利用各傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡及工控機(jī)等完成了監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的硬件系統(tǒng)搭建。監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)的軟件系統(tǒng)則采用MATLAB與Lab VIEW混合編程,該軟件系統(tǒng)具有信號(hào)采集、顯示、濾波和分析等諸多功能,其中基本信息管理模塊可通過(guò)密碼驗(yàn)證登錄系統(tǒng),同時(shí)具有用戶信息管理、系統(tǒng)信息管理、修改密碼等功能;而數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊則通過(guò)動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接庫(kù)PCI8602.dll的庫(kù)函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的采集;數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)模塊則可實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)存儲(chǔ)并將其保存為電子表格的形式,便于后續(xù)的查看與使用;狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)模塊利用Lab VIEW的顯示控件實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)各監(jiān)測(cè)信號(hào)的實(shí)時(shí)顯示。信號(hào)處理與分析模塊是主軸狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件的核心模塊:模塊采用低通濾波與基于Birge-Massart閾值的小波降噪相結(jié)合的方式對(duì)不同信號(hào)進(jìn)行濾波處理,以獲得更加真實(shí)的信號(hào),便于后續(xù)的信號(hào)分析。該模塊還可通過(guò)信號(hào)的時(shí)域分析獲取信號(hào)的時(shí)域特征,利用信號(hào)的自相關(guān)分析獲取信號(hào)的周期特征,通過(guò)信號(hào)的頻譜分析與小波分析來(lái)獲得信號(hào)的頻域特征。此外,該模塊提供的基于支持向量機(jī)的狀態(tài)識(shí)別算法可用于加工中心主軸系統(tǒng)故障狀態(tài)的識(shí)別。主軸狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)搭建完成后,本文針對(duì)該系統(tǒng)的功能進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證性試驗(yàn),證明了系統(tǒng)的可行性,并利用軸承故障監(jiān)測(cè)案例與松動(dòng)故障監(jiān)測(cè)案例驗(yàn)證了系統(tǒng)具有的故障監(jiān)測(cè)功能。本文所開發(fā)的基于支持向量機(jī)的主軸狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)具有簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用、功能完備等特點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)了預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo),在數(shù)控機(jī)床狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)的研究方面具有較高的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the arrival of information age, manufacturing and information technology are further integrated and developed. Intelligent equipment based on information system and intelligent factory are leading the transformation of manufacturing mode.The traditional NC machine tool can meet the requirements of high efficiency and automatization in the process of machining, and realize the condition and fault monitoring of NC machine tool, which can improve the production efficiency and reduce the labor cost.It is of great significance to improve the automation level of production process.In this paper, the main axis system of VDL-1000 machining center is taken as the monitoring object, the hardware system is built by using several sensors and data acquisition cards, and the software system is compiled by using support vector machine and other algorithms, and the monitoring system of spindle status of machining center is established.The feasibility of the monitoring system is verified by relevant experiments.The monitoring system not only improves the automation level of the machining center, but also lays a foundation for the fault warning and diagnosis of the machine tool.Firstly, the main structure of VDL-1000 machining center and its spindle system are studied, and the common faults of spindle system are analyzed statistically.On this basis, the monitoring parameters of the spindle state monitoring system are determined, and the overall scheme of the monitoring system is put forward.In this paper, current transformer, mount temperature sensor, acceleration sensor, frequency transmitter and so on are selected to measure the current, temperature, vibration, rotational speed of the spindle system, and the sensors are used to measure the current, temperature, vibration and rotational speed of the spindle system.Data acquisition card and industrial computer have completed the hardware system construction of the monitoring system.The software system of the monitoring system uses MATLAB and Lab VIEW mixed programming, the software system has many functions, such as signal acquisition, display, filtering and analysis, among which the basic information management module can verify the login system by cipher.At the same time, it has the functions of user information management, system information management and password modification, while the data acquisition module realizes the signal acquisition through the library function of dynamic link library (PCI8602.dll).The data storage module can store the data in real time and save it in the form of spreadsheet, which is easy to view and use. The state monitoring module uses the display control of Lab VIEW to realize the real-time display of each monitoring signal.The signal processing and analysis module is the core module of the spindle state monitoring system software. The module uses the low-pass filter and wavelet denoising based on Birge-Massart threshold to filter the different signals to obtain more real signals.Facilitate subsequent signal analysis.In this module, the time-domain features of the signals can be obtained by the time-domain analysis, the periodic characteristics of the signals can be obtained by the autocorrelation analysis of the signals, and the frequency-domain features of the signals can be obtained by the spectrum analysis and wavelet analysis of the signals.In addition, the state recognition algorithm based on support vector machine provided by this module can be used to identify the fault state of machining center spindle system.After the main shaft condition monitoring system has been built, the feasibility of the system is proved by the verification test on the function of the system.The fault monitoring function of the system is verified by bearing fault monitoring cases and loosening fault monitoring cases.The main axis state monitoring system based on support vector machine developed in this paper has the characteristics of simple and practical, complete function and so on. It has achieved the expected design goal, and has high application value in the research of NC machine tool condition monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG659

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