本文選題：超聲振動　切入點：電弧加工　出處：《北方工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：硬脆材料具有硬度大、脆性高等特點,使用傳統(tǒng)方法對硬脆材料進行加工難度很大。電火花加工是利用兩極間產(chǎn)生火花放電來蝕除硬脆材料,在加工過程中不產(chǎn)生機械力,具有較高的加工效率。電弧加工類似于電火花加工,電弧加工利用電極間產(chǎn)生放電電弧群組來蝕除材料,電弧加工產(chǎn)生的電流密度遠大于電火花加工產(chǎn)生的電流密度,因此電弧加工相比電火花加工具有更高的加工效率,但加工精度有待提高。本文探討超聲振動輔助對電弧加工精度的影響。通過電火花加工機理研究電弧加工機理,對電弧放電過程中放電通道的形成、材料的蝕除、蝕除材料的排出和極間介質(zhì)消電離四個方面進行了研究。同時根據(jù)超聲振動的特性,研究了超聲振動對電弧加工過程中放電通道、極間距、蝕除物排出和加工表面質(zhì)量的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)超聲振動有助于改善電弧放電情況,促進蝕除物的脫離和排出。根據(jù)超聲振動輔助電弧加工的技術(shù)要求,設(shè)計主體為X、Y、Z三坐標(biāo)軸和旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸的四軸實驗平臺,大理石板和立柱一起構(gòu)成實驗平臺的支架。對核心部件旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸進行了設(shè)計,該旋轉(zhuǎn)主軸具備電極旋轉(zhuǎn)和超聲振動的功能。并重點對圓錐過渡階梯型復(fù)合變幅桿進行了設(shè)計,通過Pro-E進行三維建模,運用Ansys進行模態(tài)分析,對變幅桿進行優(yōu)化。超聲振動輔助電弧加工數(shù)控系統(tǒng)采用以研華-610L工控機為上位機和IMAC-400運動控制卡為下位機的主從開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)。根據(jù)超聲振動輔助電弧加工原理,制定了數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的控制策略,對伺服進給系統(tǒng)進行了分析。運用軟件Pewin32Pro2調(diào)節(jié)PID參數(shù)使伺服電機能夠及時響應(yīng)并穩(wěn)定工作,對電機進行了開環(huán)測試。利用超聲振動輔助電弧加工實驗平臺進行不同厚度彈簧合金鋼在有超聲振動和沒有超聲振動時電弧放電加工小孔實驗,將小孔顯微圖形通過Matlab進行小孔邊緣檢測和圓度計算。通過進行對比研究,結(jié)果表明超聲振動輔助下加工的小孔質(zhì)量更好,邊緣更加圓滑。
[Abstract]:Hard and brittle materials have the characteristics of high hardness and high brittleness. It is very difficult to use traditional methods to process hard brittle materials. EDM uses spark discharge between the two poles to erode hard and brittle materials, and no mechanical force is produced in the process of machining. Arc machining is similar to EDM. Arc machining uses discharge arc groups between electrodes to erode materials. The current density produced by arc machining is much greater than that produced by EDM. Therefore, the arc machining has higher machining efficiency than EDM, but the machining precision needs to be improved. This paper discusses the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the arc machining accuracy, and studies the arc machining mechanism through the EDM mechanism. The formation of discharge channels, the erosion of materials, the discharge of etched materials and the deionization of interpolar dielectric during arc discharge are studied. At the same time, according to the characteristics of ultrasonic vibration, The effects of ultrasonic vibration on discharge channel, electrode spacing, removal of etch and surface quality during arc machining are studied. It is found that ultrasonic vibration is helpful to improve arc discharge. According to the technical requirements of ultrasonic vibration assisted arc machining, a four-axis experimental platform is designed, which is composed of three axes and a rotating spindle. Dali stone slabs and columns are used to form the experimental platform together. The rotating spindle of the core component is designed, which has the functions of electrode rotation and ultrasonic vibration. Three-dimensional modeling is carried out through Pro-E, modal analysis is carried out by using Ansys. The ultrasonic vibration aided arc machining numerical control system adopts the master and slave open NC system, which takes Yanhua 610L industrial control computer as upper computer and IMAC-400 motion control card as lower computer. According to the principle of ultrasonic vibration assisted arc machining, The control strategy of the NC system is formulated, and the servo feed system is analyzed. The PID parameters are adjusted by the software Pewin32Pro2 to make the servo motor respond in time and work stably. The open loop test of the motor was carried out. The experiments of machining holes in different thickness spring alloy steel with and without ultrasonic vibration by arc discharge were carried out by using ultrasonic vibration assisted arc machining experiment platform. The micrographs of the holes are detected by Matlab and the roundness is calculated. The results show that the holes processed by ultrasonic vibration have better quality and more smooth edges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG66

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 徐明剛;黃文勇;張振;趙潔明;葛星;李e，

本文編號：1678144