本文選題：加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺　切入點：動態(tài)故障樹　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺是加工中心必不可少的功能部件,其可靠性水平的高低對整個加工中心的性能有很大的影響。對加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺可靠性的研究是保障加工中心安全運行和生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ),具有重要的理論與應(yīng)用價值。從第一臺加工中心的出現(xiàn)至今,近六十年的發(fā)展,加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺的復(fù)雜程度變得越來越高,零部件的故障模式也變得多種多樣,具有關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系和動態(tài)特性。對具有動態(tài)特性的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行可靠性分析時,傳統(tǒng)方法如可靠性框圖、故障樹、馬爾科夫過程等因無法描述動態(tài)失效邏輯因而無法準(zhǔn)確建立模型,具有一定的局限性。因此本文提出采用動態(tài)故障樹方法來分析加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺的可靠性。本文建立了加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺的動態(tài)故障樹,并根據(jù)求解動態(tài)故障樹的基本方法,模塊化后得到靜、動態(tài)子樹。對于靜態(tài)子樹選用二元決策圖法對其進(jìn)行分析;對于動態(tài)子樹,將其轉(zhuǎn)化為馬爾可夫模型再進(jìn)行定性定量分析。最后,將得到的動態(tài)子樹與靜態(tài)子樹用合成算法得到整個動態(tài)故障樹的可靠性指標(biāo)。并且,以加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺為實例,對其進(jìn)行基于馬爾可夫鏈的可靠性分析并進(jìn)行安全評估。然而,對復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)而言,用上述提到的馬爾可夫模型求解并不方便,因為計算量太大會產(chǎn)生組合爆炸問題,并且馬爾科夫方法的使用是有條件的,它要求故障樹所有底事件的失效率均服從指數(shù)分布。然而,在實際生活中,絕大部分零件的失效率與威布爾分布更相似�；谔菪喂降膭討B(tài)故障樹分析方法不限制故障樹底事件的失效概率分布,采用近似法的思想,大大減少了計算量,有效地解決了組合爆炸問題。本文就采用這種方法對加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺進(jìn)行可靠性分析,接著又用蒙特卡洛法對加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺的動態(tài)故障樹進(jìn)行了仿真,結(jié)果表明,蒙特卡洛法仿真時對底事件的失效概率分布情況沒有限制。最后,用FMEA法對加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺進(jìn)行了故障模式影響分析,根據(jù)每個底事件發(fā)生的概率、嚴(yán)重度和探測度三者之間的關(guān)系計算出風(fēng)險優(yōu)先數(shù),并對風(fēng)險優(yōu)先數(shù)較高的故障模式提出了解決方案與預(yù)防措施,提高了加工中心轉(zhuǎn)臺的可靠性與安全性。
[Abstract]:The machining center turntable is an essential functional part of the machining center. The reliability level has a great influence on the performance of the whole machining center. The research on the reliability of the turntable of the machining center is the basis to ensure the safe operation and production of the machining center. It has important theoretical and practical value. With the development of the first machining center and the development of nearly sixty years, the complexity of the turntable of machining center has become more and more high, and the fault modes of parts and components have become various. The traditional methods, such as reliability block diagram, fault tree, Markov process and so on, can not describe the dynamic failure logic, so the model can not be built accurately when analyzing the reliability of the system with dynamic characteristics. Therefore, the dynamic fault tree method is proposed to analyze the reliability of machining center turntable. In this paper, the dynamic fault tree of machining center turntable is established, and based on the basic method of solving dynamic fault tree, After modularization, static and dynamic subtrees are obtained. For static subtrees, binary decision graph method is used to analyze them; for dynamic subtrees, it is transformed into Markov model and then qualitative and quantitative analysis is carried out. Finally, The reliability index of the whole dynamic fault tree is obtained by the combination algorithm of the dynamic subtree and the static subtree, and the reliability analysis based on Markov chain is carried out and the safety evaluation is carried out by taking the turntable of machining center as an example. For complex systems, it is not convenient to solve the Markov model mentioned above because the computational complexity is too great to produce the combinatorial explosion problem, and the use of Markov method is conditional. It requires the failure rate of all bottom events in the fault tree to be distributed exponentially. However, in real life, The failure rate of most parts is more similar to that of Weibull distribution. The dynamic fault tree analysis method based on trapezoid formula does not limit the failure probability distribution of the event at the bottom of the fault tree. This method is used to analyze the reliability of machining center turntable, and then the dynamic fault tree of machining center turntable is simulated by Monte Carlo method. The results show that, The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the failure probability distribution of the bottom event. Finally, the fault mode influence analysis of the turntable of machining center is carried out by using FMEA method. According to the probability of each bottom event, The relationship between severity and detectivity calculates the number of risk priorities, and puts forward solutions and preventive measures for fault modes with higher risk priority, which improves the reliability and safety of the turntable of machining center.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG659

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