本文選題：細(xì)徑棒材　切入點：在線檢測　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：棒材作為一種基礎(chǔ)的現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)組成部分,應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域,為我國國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化國防建設(shè)做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。但是由于棒材在鍛造和軋制過程中會出現(xiàn)縱向裂紋、橫向裂紋、鱗狀折疊等缺陷,一旦棒材在高溫、高壓、交變載荷等惡劣的使用環(huán)境中失效會導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的事故,造成重大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和人員傷亡,因而需要對棒材進(jìn)行無損檢測以確保其質(zhì)量可靠。目前,在眾多棒材無損檢測技術(shù)中,超聲無損檢測技術(shù)以其穿透性強、分辨率高、檢測靈敏度高、攜帶信息豐富、對人體安全無害等優(yōu)勢,成為棒材缺陷檢測最為有效的手段。然而,隨著社會生產(chǎn)力的不斷提升和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的快速發(fā)展,常規(guī)超聲棒材在線無損檢測技術(shù)已經(jīng)無法滿足現(xiàn)代化棒材檢測的需求,相控陣超聲無損檢測技術(shù)以其靈活、快速、準(zhǔn)確、電子化等優(yōu)勢,成為棒材在線超聲無損檢測的研究熱點。基于以上背景,本論文結(jié)合國家自然科學(xué)基金項目“圓柱類部件高性能自動化相控陣超聲成像檢測理論與技術(shù)的研究”(NO.51675480),提出開展細(xì)徑棒材在線相控陣超聲無損檢測關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究。在研究細(xì)徑棒材相控陣超聲無損檢測基礎(chǔ)理論以及實現(xiàn)凹面線型相控陣超聲換能器聲場建模的基礎(chǔ)上,對直入射凹面線型相控陣超聲換能器參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析及仿真優(yōu)化,并結(jié)合相控陣超聲無損檢測技術(shù)和機電一體化技術(shù),通過開展基于相控陣超聲的細(xì)徑棒材在線無損檢測技術(shù)的研究,研發(fā)相應(yīng)的系統(tǒng),實現(xiàn)細(xì)徑棒材輪廓和缺陷的檢測。同時,還進(jìn)行實驗研究,為細(xì)徑棒材的自動化在線超聲無損檢測打下必要的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。具體研究工作包括:第一章,論述了棒材的重要作用以及對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展的重要意義,總結(jié)分析了棒材無損檢測技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展趨勢,指出了細(xì)徑棒材相控陣超聲無損檢測技術(shù)在線應(yīng)用的優(yōu)勢,明確了本文的研究內(nèi)容,為后續(xù)章節(jié)的研究指明了方向。第二章,根據(jù)惠更斯原理,實現(xiàn)了相控陣超聲換能器聲束的聚焦、偏轉(zhuǎn)以及聚焦加偏轉(zhuǎn)的電子掃查,分析了超聲波在水鋼界面入射時發(fā)生的反射、折射和波型轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象,并根據(jù)細(xì)徑棒材的缺陷種類提出了相應(yīng)的檢測方式。此外,采用解析法推導(dǎo)出了凹面線型相控陣超聲換能器的聲壓分布公式,完成了該類相控陣換能器聲場的理論建模,并根據(jù)換能器參數(shù)選擇的優(yōu)化目標(biāo),研究了相鄰陣元對應(yīng)的圓心角、陣元寬度、動態(tài)陣元總數(shù)以及工作頻率對凹面線型相控陣超聲換能器性能的影響。第三章,在對細(xì)徑棒材的外形輪廓檢測方式介紹的基礎(chǔ)上,完成了超聲回波信號的包絡(luò)提取,并對超聲波在耦合水中的聲速進(jìn)行了溫度補償,實現(xiàn)了對細(xì)徑棒材外形輪廓的精確測量。同時,在對直入射和斜入射凹面線型相控陣超聲換能器的檢測聲場理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,通過建立棒材縱向和橫向裂紋缺陷模型,開展了細(xì)徑棒材缺陷相控陣超聲檢測的仿真研究,為后續(xù)的研發(fā)提供了進(jìn)一步的理論支撐。第四章,完成了細(xì)徑棒材相控陣超聲無損檢測系統(tǒng)總體方案的設(shè)計,明確了超聲無損檢測系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)功能,規(guī)劃了系統(tǒng)的總體實施方案,根據(jù)分布式系統(tǒng)體系架構(gòu),完成了硬件模塊、軟件模塊的開發(fā)和整個系統(tǒng)的集成,實現(xiàn)了細(xì)徑棒材在線相控陣超聲無損檢測原理樣機的研發(fā),并且通過對設(shè)置有人工缺陷的棒材進(jìn)行缺陷檢測實驗研究,證實了本論文所研發(fā)理論與技術(shù)的可行性。第五章,對全文的研究工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié),對將來的進(jìn)一步研究進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Bar as a basic part of modern industry, used in various fields, made a significant contribution to the development of China's national economy and modernization of national defense construction. But because the bar will appear in the longitudinal crack, forging and rolling process of transverse crack, squamous folding defects, once the bar in high temperature, high pressure, failure will lead to serious the accident using alternating load in harsh environment, causing significant economic losses and casualties, and thus the need for nondestructive testing to ensure the reliable quality of the bar. At present, many bars in NDT, ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology with its strong penetrability, high resolution, high detection sensitivity, carrying abundant information safe on the human body and other advantages, has become the most effective means for bar defect detection. However, with the rapid increase of social productivity and social economic level The exhibition, conventional ultrasound online bar nondestructive testing technology has been unable to meet the demand of modern bar detection, phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing technology with its flexible, fast, accurate, electronic and other advantages, has become a hot topic of NDT ultrasonic bar. The above background based on cylindrical parts high performance automatic detection theory and phased array ultrasonic imaging the National Natural Science Fund Project "with the" (NO.51675480), the study of small diameter online bar key technology of phased array ultrasonic detection. Based on the study of small diameter bar phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing theory and Realization of concave linear phased array ultrasonic transducer sound field modeling, to shoot into the concave linear phased array ultrasonic transducer parameters analysis and simulation optimization, combined with phased array ultrasonic detection technology and Mechatronics Based on the research of ultrasonic phased array technology, based on the fine diameter bar online nondestructive testing technology, to develop the corresponding system, realize the detection of small diameter bar contours and defects. At the same time, also to conduct experimental research, non-destructive technology base necessary for online detection of ultrasonic automated lay small diameter bar. The main research work is as follows: first chapter, discusses the importance of the bar and the national economic and social development, summarizes and analyzes the research status and development trend of the nondestructive testing technology of bar, pointed out that the small diameter bar phased array ultrasonic online detection technology application advantages, clear the research content of this paper, pointed out the direction for further research. The second chapter, according to the Huygens principle, realization of the phased array ultrasonic transducer beam, deflection and electronic focusing with deflection scanning, analysis of ultrasonic in water When the incident occurred steel interface reflection, refraction and wave mode conversion phenomenon, and puts forward corresponding detection methods according to the defect type small diameter bar. In addition, deduced the formula of pressure distribution of linear phased array ultrasonic transducer with concave analytical method, complete the theoretical model this phased array transducer sound field, and according to the optimization goal of transducer parameter selection, the adjacent array elements corresponding to the central angle, width of element, influence the dynamic total element number and the working frequency of the concave linear phased array ultrasonic transducer. The third chapter, based on the introduction of small diameter bar contour detection methods, completed the envelope extraction of ultrasonic echo signals, and the in the ultrasonic coupling water velocity of temperature compensation, realize the accurate measurement of small diameter bar shape. At the same time, in the normal incidence and oblique incidence of concave linear phase control Based on analysis of the ultrasonic transducer array acoustic theory, through the establishment of longitudinal and transverse crack defect model, carry out the simulation research of phased array ultrasonic testing defects of steel bars of small diameter, provides further theoretical support for subsequent research. The fourth chapter, completed the design of small diameter bar phased array ultrasonic inspection system. The ultrasonic nondestructive testing system of target function, planning the overall system implementation plan, according to the distributed system architecture, hardware module, software module and integrated development of the whole system, the realization of the development of small diameter bar phased array ultrasonic nondestructive testing principle prototype, and experimental study on detection of defects by artificial bar the defect on the set, proved the feasibility of the development of theory and technology. In the fifth chapter, the research work of the full text The conclusion is summarized and the further research in the future is prospected.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG115.285

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