發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-14 02:36

  本文選題：銅鋁接頭　切入點(diǎn)：攪拌摩擦焊　出處：《江蘇科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在電力、電氣、電子等領(lǐng)域,銅和鋁金屬都是得到廣泛應(yīng)用的導(dǎo)體材料,然而,由于銅鋁接頭具有連接強(qiáng)度高、耐腐蝕、美觀等優(yōu)點(diǎn),銅和鋁之間通常采用銅鋁接頭進(jìn)行過渡連接。攪拌摩擦焊作為固相焊接方法,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)異種金屬連接,對(duì)于銅鋁接頭的制備具有很大的應(yīng)用前景。本文選用4mm板厚的T2純銅和1060純鋁作為研究對(duì)象進(jìn)行攪拌摩擦焊對(duì)接焊,探索銅鋁接頭組織結(jié)構(gòu)特征和物相成分,研究焊接參數(shù)與攪拌頭軸肩直徑大小對(duì)焊縫表面成形、力學(xué)性能、電化學(xué)腐蝕性能的影響規(guī)律,同時(shí),通過接頭形貌觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)值模擬方法深入探索銅鋁接頭金屬的流動(dòng)行為。合理搭配攪拌頭旋轉(zhuǎn)速度和焊接速度,可以獲得焊縫表面成形質(zhì)量較好的銅鋁接頭。銅鋁接頭區(qū)域內(nèi),軸肩影響區(qū)和焊核區(qū)內(nèi)組織晶粒細(xì)小而均勻;銅側(cè)和鋁側(cè)的熱機(jī)影響區(qū)內(nèi)組織晶粒也較小;鋁側(cè)熱影響區(qū)的范圍窄,晶粒較大,銅側(cè)熱影響區(qū)內(nèi)晶粒沒有明顯的長大現(xiàn)象。銅鋁接頭中存在金屬間化合物相CuAl_2和Cu9Al_4,相成分的類型不隨焊接參數(shù)發(fā)生變化。焊接熱輸入較小時(shí)獲得的銅鋁接頭在拉伸試驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)為脆性斷裂,增加攪拌頭旋轉(zhuǎn)速度或者減小焊接速度,接頭抗拉強(qiáng)度升高。焊接熱輸入較大時(shí)獲得的銅鋁接頭在拉伸試驗(yàn)中的斷裂方式轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗苄詳嗔?繼續(xù)增加焊接熱輸入,接頭抗拉強(qiáng)度小幅度下降。攪拌頭軸肩直徑20mm、旋轉(zhuǎn)速度800rpm、焊接速度50mm/min的焊接參數(shù)為本研究的最佳參數(shù),最佳參數(shù)下的銅鋁接頭抗拉強(qiáng)度達(dá)116.4MPa,為鋁母材抗拉強(qiáng)度的82.6%,而且焊縫表面成形較為平整。增加攪拌頭旋轉(zhuǎn)速度或減小焊接速度,銅鋁接頭的自腐蝕電位呈下降趨勢。但是,銅鋁接頭的腐蝕電流與焊接參數(shù)沒有直接聯(lián)系。軸肩作用區(qū)內(nèi)金屬流動(dòng)強(qiáng)度最高,大量銅金屬越過對(duì)接線進(jìn)入鋁側(cè);焊核區(qū)內(nèi),銅金屬受鋁金屬擠壓往接頭底部遷移,區(qū)域內(nèi)只存在少量銅金屬;攪拌針底面作用區(qū)內(nèi),銅金屬也能越過對(duì)接線進(jìn)入鋁側(cè),但金屬流動(dòng)強(qiáng)度較低,而且金屬流動(dòng)行為極不穩(wěn)定。同時(shí)建立了三維流體模型,進(jìn)行FLUENT模擬,模擬結(jié)果顯示,軸肩作用區(qū)內(nèi)金屬流動(dòng)強(qiáng)度高,金屬混合區(qū)為規(guī)則的均勻過渡區(qū),范圍較大;焊核區(qū)內(nèi),鋁金屬在攪拌針前方被分流,部分鋁金屬進(jìn)入前進(jìn)側(cè),擠壓銅金屬往接頭底部遷移;攪拌針底面作用區(qū)內(nèi),金屬流動(dòng)強(qiáng)度較低,銅鋁混合區(qū)范圍較小。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果總結(jié)的流體流動(dòng)規(guī)律基本吻合。
[Abstract]:In electric power, electrical, electronics and other fields, copper and aluminum metal conductor materials are widely used, however, because the copper aluminum joint has the advantages of high connection strength, corrosion resistance, appearance and other advantages, is usually used for copper aluminum joint transition between copper and aluminum. The friction stir welding welding method for solid phase, can realize the dissimilar metal connection, preparation has great application prospect for the system. The copper aluminum joint of T2 copper 4mm thickness and 1060 pure aluminum as the research object for friction stir welding butt welding, explore organizational structure characteristics and physical phase composition of copper aluminum joint, welding parameters and tool shoulder diameter on the surface of weld forming, mechanical properties at the same time, effect of electrochemical corrosion, in-depth exploration of flow behavior of copper aluminum joint metal through the joint morphology experiment and numerical simulation method. The reasonable collocation of tool rotation speed And the welding speed can be obtained, the weld forming aluminum joints with high quality. Copper aluminum joint region, shoulder affected zone and weld nugget zone microstructure with fine grains and uniform grain area; heat effect of copper and aluminum side side is smaller; the aluminum side heat affected zone is narrow, large grains, copper side the heat affected zone has no obvious grain growth phenomenon. The existence of intermetallic compound CuAl_2 and Cu9Al_4 aluminum joints, the type of phase composition with the change of welding parameters. The welding heat input is small aluminum joints obtained in tensile tests showed brittle fracture, increasing rotating speed or decreasing welding speed increased the tensile strength of welding heat input. Change the fracture mode in a tensile test of copper aluminum joint is larger the plastic fracture, continue to increase the tensile strength of the welding heat input, small decline. Stir Head shoulder diameter 20mm, rotating speed 800rpm, welding speed 50mm/min welding parameters for the best parameters of this study, copper aluminum joint tensile strength under the optimum parameters for aluminum was 116.4MPa, the tensile strength of the base metal and weld surface forming 82.6%, relatively flat. Increasing the stirring head speed or decreasing welding speed, since the copper aluminum joint the corrosion potential decreased. However, the corrosion current of aluminum joints have no direct connection with the welding parameters. The shoulder area of metal flow intensity is highest, a large number of copper wiring crossed on into the aluminum side; weld nugget zone, to the joint at the bottom of aluminum extrusion of copper metal by metal migration, only the presence of a small amount of copper in the region; the bottom surface of the pin function area, can be crossed on copper wiring into the aluminum side, but the metal flow intensity is low, and the metal flow behavior is extremely unstable. At the same time to establish the three-dimensional flow model, FL UENT simulation, simulation results show that the shoulder area of metal flow, high strength, uniform mixing zone metal transition zone, the scope of the rule is greater; the weld nugget zone, aluminum metal is split pin in the front part of the aluminum metal into the advancing side, extrusion of copper metal into the joint at the bottom of the bottom surface of the pin function of migration; within the area of metal flow in low intensity region is smaller than the mixed copper. Numerical simulation results and experiment results of fluid flow regularities are basically consistent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG453.9

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