本文選題：非球面　切入點：細粒度金剛石銑磨刀具　出處：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著現(xiàn)代科技的不斷發(fā)展,具有良好光學(xué)特性的非球面的應(yīng)用變得越為廣泛。如何實現(xiàn)非球面的高精度加工成為了研究熱點。對于硬脆材料的非球面光學(xué)元件,材料的臨界切削深度較小,加工過程材料的微破碎去除方式會降低非球面的表面質(zhì)量。因此,在加工此類光學(xué)元件時,往往要用到超精密數(shù)控機床和在線檢測設(shè)備。由于民用領(lǐng)域缺少專業(yè)設(shè)備和專業(yè)人員的指導(dǎo),因而很難實現(xiàn)非球面的高效精磨�；贑AD/CAM軟件的發(fā)展為民用領(lǐng)域加工非球面提供了可能。但在加工過程中,銑磨刀具上金剛石脫落以及后續(xù)誤差補償缺乏理論指導(dǎo),制約了這一技術(shù)的發(fā)展。因此,本課題通過CAD/CAM軟件在民用的數(shù)控機床上實現(xiàn)非球面的高效精磨。而針對這一過程存在的問題,本課題進行了以下幾個方面的研究。針對市場上電鍍金剛石刀具的金剛石脫落問題,本課題首先制備了細粒度的釬焊金剛石銑磨刀具�；谡n題組的研究,本課題通過電鍍-釬焊復(fù)合工藝進行制備細粒度釬焊金剛石銑磨刀具。通過優(yōu)化電鍍工藝參數(shù),解決了細粒度金剛石在圓頭刀具上分布均勻性的問題,通過釬料層厚度、加熱電流、加熱時間等釬焊工藝的探索,制備出了高出刃高度和金剛石把持力良好的釬焊金剛石刀具。最終解決了加工過程金剛石脫落問題。其次研究了K9光學(xué)玻璃的去除特性,通過去除率實驗分析不同工藝參數(shù)對材料去除率的影響,為非球面的輪廓度誤差做理論指導(dǎo)。通過三因素四水平的正交實驗,對K9光學(xué)玻璃進行平面銑磨加工,分析了切削深度、主軸轉(zhuǎn)速及進給速度對表面粗糙度和亞表面損傷的影響,確定了最佳銑磨工藝參數(shù),為非球面精加工實驗提供參數(shù)依據(jù)。分別用市場生產(chǎn)的電鍍金剛石刀具和制備的釬焊金剛石刀具完成對K9光學(xué)玻璃的非球面加工,并針對誤差規(guī)律從改變刀具形狀和改變加工銑磨線速度的角度進行了補償實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明:經(jīng)過加工后的釬焊金剛石刀具上金剛石沒有脫落,與市場上電鍍金剛石刀具相比,能夠滿足非球面的重載荷加工。補償加工后的非球面的面型精度較原有的加工結(jié)果有明顯的改善。
[Abstract]:With the development of modern science and technology, the application of aspheric surfaces with good optical properties has become more and more extensive. The critical cutting depth of the material is small and the surface quality of the aspheric surface will be reduced by the removal of the micro-fragmentation of the material during the machining process. Therefore, when processing such optical elements, Ultra-precision CNC machine tools and on-line testing equipment are often used. Due to the lack of professional equipment and professional guidance in the civilian field, The development of CAD/CAM software makes it possible to process aspheric surface in civil field. However, in the process of milling and grinding tool diamond shedding and subsequent error compensation are lack of theoretical guidance. The development of this technology is restricted. Therefore, this subject realizes the high efficiency grinding of aspheric surface on the numerical control machine tool of civil use by CAD/CAM software. In view of the problems existing in this process, Aiming at the problem of diamond shedding of electroplated diamond cutting tools in the market, the fine grain brazing diamond milling and grinding tools are first prepared. In this paper, fine grain brazing diamond milling and grinding tools are prepared by electroplating and brazing composite process. By optimizing electroplating process parameters, the problem of uniform distribution of fine grain diamond on round end cutting tools is solved, and the thickness of brazing layer is adopted. Exploration of brazing process such as heating current, heating time, etc., Brazing diamond tools with high edge height and good diamond holding force were prepared. Finally, the problem of diamond shedding was solved. Secondly, the removal characteristics of K9 optical glass were studied. The influence of different process parameters on the material removal rate is analyzed through the removal rate experiment, which provides theoretical guidance for the contour error of aspherical surface. Through the orthogonal experiment of three factors and four levels, the K9 optical glass is ground by plane milling. The effects of cutting depth, spindle speed and feed speed on surface roughness and subsurface damage are analyzed, and the optimum milling and grinding process parameters are determined. In order to provide the parameter basis for the aspheric finishing experiment, the aspheric machining of K _ 9 optical glass was accomplished by using the electroplated diamond tools produced in the market and brazed diamond tools, respectively. According to the error law, the compensation experiment is carried out from the angle of changing the tool shape and changing the milling speed. The experimental results show that the diamond on the brazed diamond tool does not fall off after machining. Compared with the electroplated diamond tools on the market, it can satisfy the heavy load machining of aspheric surface, and the accuracy of the aspheric surface after compensation machining is obviously improved compared with the original machining results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG580.6

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