本文選題：深孔直線度　切入點(diǎn)：隨機(jī)數(shù)點(diǎn)精度逼近法　出處：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：深孔零件是機(jī)械工程領(lǐng)域不可缺少的重要零件,如槍炮管、液壓缸、氣壓缸、動(dòng)車主軸等。深孔直線度是評(píng)價(jià)深孔零件合格與否的重要指標(biāo);同時(shí),深孔直線度的檢測(cè)理論及方法與檢測(cè)結(jié)果息息相關(guān)。在多數(shù)情況下,必須檢測(cè)深孔直線度。由于深孔存在螺旋溝槽、圓度誤差、孔內(nèi)表面質(zhì)量誤差、軸線及其直線度評(píng)定基線難以確定等問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致深孔直線度很難準(zhǔn)確測(cè)算。為快速、準(zhǔn)確檢測(cè)出深孔直線度,本文經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)有研究結(jié)果的分析,提出了深孔直線度檢測(cè)方案與評(píng)定算法,設(shè)計(jì)了檢測(cè)裝置,并編寫了相應(yīng)的程序以實(shí)現(xiàn)深孔直線度的檢測(cè)與評(píng)定。首先,設(shè)計(jì)了利用超聲測(cè)厚儀的檢測(cè)裝置和利用激光、PSD與三軸加速度傳感器的檢測(cè)裝置;提出了利用多圓心替代法、最速下降法與最小二乘法確定深孔軸線的思想,并將其應(yīng)用于相應(yīng)的檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)中。其次,提出了滿足最小條件的隨機(jī)數(shù)點(diǎn)精度逼近法與正方網(wǎng)格迭代尋優(yōu)評(píng)定深孔直線的方案;通過(guò)對(duì)同一組檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的評(píng)定,驗(yàn)證了本文算法的優(yōu)越性。較其他評(píng)定方法,本文算法在一定程度上達(dá)到了提高評(píng)定結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確性和精度的目的。然后,編寫了隨機(jī)數(shù)點(diǎn)精度逼近法與正方網(wǎng)格迭代尋優(yōu)的MATLAB計(jì)算程序,實(shí)現(xiàn)了上述算法的工程應(yīng)用;此外,利用本文中的評(píng)定算法對(duì)同一條空間直線的相同采樣數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行直線度評(píng)定,將評(píng)定結(jié)果與其他算法的評(píng)定結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,以判斷本文算法的優(yōu)劣。結(jié)果顯示,隨機(jī)數(shù)點(diǎn)精度逼近法與正方網(wǎng)格迭代尋優(yōu)的評(píng)定精度均有提高。此外,正方網(wǎng)格迭代尋優(yōu)評(píng)定直線度精度更高,而隨機(jī)數(shù)點(diǎn)精度逼近法計(jì)算速度更快、評(píng)定效率更高。
[Abstract]:Deep-hole parts are indispensable parts in the field of mechanical engineering, such as gun tube, hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder, motorcar spindle, etc. The straightness of deep hole is an important index to evaluate the eligibility of deep-hole parts. The detection theory and method of deep hole straightness are closely related to the test results. In most cases, it is necessary to detect the deep hole straightness. Because there are spiral grooves, roundness errors and inner surface quality errors in deep holes, It is very difficult to calculate the straightness of deep hole because of the difficulty of determining the baseline of axis and its straightness evaluation. In order to detect the straightness of deep hole quickly and accurately, this paper analyzes the existing research results. The detection scheme and evaluation algorithm of deep hole straightness are put forward, the detecting device is designed, and the corresponding program is written to realize the detection and evaluation of deep hole straightness. The detection device using ultrasonic thickness measuring instrument and using laser PSD and triaxial acceleration sensor is designed, and the idea of determining the axis of deep hole by using multi-center substitution method, the steepest descent method and the least square method is put forward. And it is applied to the corresponding detection system. Secondly, the method of random number accuracy approximation and square grid iterative optimization is proposed to evaluate the deep hole straight line, and the evaluation of the same set of detection data is made. The superiority of this algorithm is verified. Compared with other evaluation methods, the algorithm achieves the purpose of improving the accuracy and accuracy of the evaluation results to a certain extent. The MATLAB program of random number accuracy approximation method and square grid iterative optimization is compiled to realize the engineering application of the above algorithm. In addition, the straightness of the same sampling data of the same spatial straight line is evaluated by using the evaluation algorithm in this paper. The evaluation results are compared with those of other algorithms to judge the merits and demerits of this algorithm. The results show that the evaluation accuracy of the random number accuracy approximation method and the square grid iterative optimization method are both improved. The accuracy of straightness evaluation is higher than that of square grid iterative optimization, while the accuracy approximation method of random number points is faster and the evaluation efficiency is higher.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG83

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