本文關(guān)鍵詞： 深孔加工 顫振 抑振裝置 磁流變液　出處：《中北大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在深孔的加工過程中,振動的形式一般存在三種:自由振動、強迫振動和顫振(自激振動)。一般情況下,自由振動或者強迫振動采用消除外部激振源的方法可進行抑制,該方法甚至可以達到消除的效果,然而顫振卻難以抑制,長久以來都困擾深孔加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展。在深孔加工的過程中,顫振的發(fā)生不僅降低加工效率、刀具損壞、機床加速磨損,而且對加工人員的健康帶來不利影響。全面掌握深孔加工過程中顫振產(chǎn)生的機理并對顫振進行有效抑制,對改善加工質(zhì)量以及降低廢品率具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。針對目前加工深孔過程中顫振難以抑制的問題,本文研究并設計出基于磁流變液機理的深孔加工顫振抑制裝置實現(xiàn)對顫振的抑制。首先,建立深孔加工過程的動力學模型并對其穩(wěn)定性進行分析,由再生型顫振產(chǎn)生機理可知在加工深孔的整個過程中顫振主要是加工中前后兩次振痕的相互作用,并且受到切削系統(tǒng)加工的臨界條件影響。隨后,分析研究主軸轉(zhuǎn)速與深孔加工過程中穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)系,得出變速切削可以有效的抑制顫振;分析切削系統(tǒng)剛度變化對深孔加工穩(wěn)定性的影響,得出該方法可以起到與變速切削抑振相同的效果,得出深孔加工顫振抑制裝置的設計基本原理,為裝置設計提供理論基礎;分析切削系統(tǒng)阻尼與深孔加工穩(wěn)定性的關(guān)系,得出改變阻尼在顫振抑制上的作用并不明顯。其次,分析研究磁流變液材料、磁流變效應的產(chǎn)生機理和磁流變液減振器的原理,完成了深孔加工顫振抑制裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設計以及控制策略的優(yōu)化選擇。建立安裝深孔加工顫振抑制裝置后深孔加工過程的動力學模型,并對應用該裝置后進行抑制效果和參數(shù)優(yōu)化的仿真分析研究。通過對仿真結(jié)果的分析,表明采用控制磁流變液磁場的強度進而控制切削系統(tǒng)的固有頻率,可以達到通過控制切削系統(tǒng)的固有頻率抑制顫振的目的。最后,在深孔加工過程中,通過應用深孔加工顫振抑制裝置可以較好的抑制顫振,并且克服了變切削速度和變阻尼抑制方法的不足。
[Abstract]:In the machining of deep holes, there are generally three forms of vibration: free vibration, forced vibration and flutter (self-excited vibration). In general, free vibration or forced vibration can be suppressed by eliminating external excitation sources. This method can even achieve the effect of elimination, but flutter is difficult to restrain, which has been puzzling the development of deep hole machining technology for a long time. In the process of deep hole machining, the occurrence of flutter not only reduces the machining efficiency, but also the tool damage. The machine tool accelerates the wear and tear, and brings the adverse effect to the health of the machiners, fully grasps the mechanism of the flutter in the deep hole machining process and effectively restrains the chatter. It is of great practical significance to improve the quality of machining and reduce the rate of waste. In view of the problem that flutter is difficult to restrain in the process of deep hole machining, In this paper, the flutter suppression device for deep hole machining based on the mechanism of magnetorheological fluid is studied and designed. Firstly, the dynamic model of deep hole machining process is established and its stability is analyzed. According to the mechanism of regenerative flutter, the flutter is mainly the interaction of two vibration marks in the process of machining deep hole, and it is affected by the critical condition of machining system. The relationship between spindle speed and the stability of deep hole machining is analyzed. It is concluded that variable speed cutting can effectively suppress chatter, and the influence of stiffness change of cutting system on the stability of deep hole machining is analyzed. It is concluded that this method can have the same effect as variable speed cutting to suppress vibration, draw the basic design principle of flutter suppression device for deep hole machining, provide the theoretical basis for the device design, analyze the relationship between the damping of cutting system and the stability of deep hole machining, and analyze the relationship between the damping of the cutting system and the stability of the deep hole machining. It is concluded that the effect of changing damping on flutter suppression is not obvious. Secondly, the mechanism of magnetorheological effect and the principle of magnetorheological shock absorber are analyzed and studied. The structure design of the flutter suppression device for deep hole machining and the optimal selection of control strategy are completed. The dynamic model of the deep hole machining process after the installation of the deep hole machining chatter suppressor is established. The simulation results show that the intensity of magneto-rheological fluid magnetic field is controlled and the natural frequency of cutting system is controlled. The flutter can be suppressed by controlling the natural frequency of the cutting system. Finally, in the process of deep hole machining, the flutter suppression device can be used to suppress the flutter. And it overcomes the deficiency of variable cutting speed and variable damping suppression method.
【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TG52

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