本文關(guān)鍵詞： 機(jī)床夾具 定位誤差 工件位置偏移 接觸副　出處：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)制造行業(yè)中,機(jī)床夾具被普遍廣泛的使用,一方面是機(jī)床夾具可以很好的保證被加工的工件一直處于一個(gè)相對(duì)正確的位置上以滿足必要的加工工藝要求;另一方面是如果把機(jī)床夾具單獨(dú)看成一個(gè)系統(tǒng),其本身具備的功能也比較強(qiáng)大,既能夠適應(yīng)于大批量產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),也能滿足一些特殊的、個(gè)性化的產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)。隨著我國(guó)制造工業(yè)技術(shù)水平的不斷提高,對(duì)機(jī)床夾具的要求也在不斷的增加,所以對(duì)機(jī)床夾具的研究工作變的越來(lái)越重要。而機(jī)床夾具定位誤差的大小可以很客觀的表達(dá)出一套夾具系統(tǒng)能否滿足加工工藝的要求,因此,研究如何進(jìn)行高效、便捷、準(zhǔn)確的計(jì)算夾具定位誤差的方法對(duì)我國(guó)整體制造行業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步具有深刻的含義。雖然傳統(tǒng)的、經(jīng)典的計(jì)算定位誤差的方法有很多,具有代表性的比如極限位置法、平面尺寸鏈法、微分法等等,這些算法雖然原理簡(jiǎn)單,計(jì)算過(guò)程也不算非常復(fù)雜,但是均有著一個(gè)很大的困擾就是不具備一般通用性。換句話來(lái)說(shuō)就是,計(jì)算某些或某種工況下機(jī)床夾具系統(tǒng)的定位誤差只能使用特定的某種或某幾種計(jì)算方法,而不是所有的計(jì)算方法都可以使用。在這種大的形勢(shì)之下,研究一種具備通用性、非常利于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)等實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化操作的定位誤差的計(jì)算方法表現(xiàn)的非常有必要性。這一自動(dòng)化計(jì)算的實(shí)現(xiàn),對(duì)促進(jìn)CAFD(Computer Aided Fixture Design)系統(tǒng)實(shí)用化進(jìn)程是具有實(shí)際意義的。本文剖析了工件制造誤差、定位元件制造誤差與安裝誤差對(duì)工件位置偏移的影響規(guī)律,概括了工件和定位元件的接觸副,構(gòu)建了接觸點(diǎn)位置變化的有向尺寸路徑模型和有向尺寸鏈模型,將接觸點(diǎn)位置變化描述為接觸副尺寸誤差。該方法不僅適用于單邊接觸式定位方案,也適用于任意邊接觸式定位方案。結(jié)合坐標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)換技術(shù),運(yùn)用微分學(xué)建立把工件位置偏移、定位誤差形容為接觸點(diǎn)位置變化的函數(shù)的分析模型�？紤]到接觸副尺寸和角度的獨(dú)立性原則,提出數(shù)據(jù)表格方法實(shí)現(xiàn)變量的獨(dú)立性檢查,確保工件位置偏移的正確計(jì)算。針對(duì)不同的夾具工件接觸方式,提出統(tǒng)一的工件位置偏移模型,并利用接觸點(diǎn)位置變化的有向尺寸路徑模型和有向尺寸鏈模型,將接觸點(diǎn)位置變化描述為接觸副尺寸誤差,最后使用表格求解法計(jì)算工件位置偏移。本文討論了由定位誤差計(jì)算工件位置偏移的問(wèn)題,提出了工件夾具系統(tǒng)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析模型,該論文從矢量環(huán)構(gòu)建進(jìn)行解算有一定的新意。以表的形式存儲(chǔ)于數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,易于計(jì)算機(jī)編程實(shí)現(xiàn)定位誤差的自動(dòng)化分析。
[Abstract]:In the modern manufacturing industry, fixture is widely used. On the one hand, the fixture can ensure that the workpiece is always in a relatively correct position to meet the necessary processing requirements; On the other hand, if the machine tool fixture is considered as a system alone, its own functions are also relatively strong, which can be used in the production of large quantities of products, but also meet some special. The production of individualized products. With the continuous improvement of the technology level of manufacturing industry in China, the requirements for machine tools and fixtures are also increasing. Therefore, the research of machine fixture becomes more and more important. And the positioning error of machine fixture can objectively express whether a set of fixture system can meet the requirements of processing technology. The research on how to calculate the fixture positioning error efficiently, conveniently and accurately has profound meaning for the progress of the whole manufacturing industry in China. Although there are many traditional and classical methods to calculate the positioning error. Some representative methods such as limit position method, plane dimensional chain method, differential method, etc., these algorithms are simple in principle, and the calculation process is not very complicated. In other words, in other words, the positioning error of machine tool and fixture system can only be calculated by one or several special calculation methods under certain working conditions. Not all calculation methods can be used. In such a large situation, the study of a universal. It is very necessary to calculate the positioning error of automatic operation, such as database. It is of practical significance to promote the practical process of CAFD(Computer Aided Fixture Design system. This paper analyzes the manufacturing error of workpiece. The influence of manufacturing error and installation error of positioning element on the position deviation of workpiece is summarized. The directional dimension path model and directional dimension chain model of the position change of contact point are constructed. The change of contact point position is described as contact pair dimension error. This method is not only suitable for unilateral contact positioning scheme, but also suitable for arbitrary side contact positioning scheme. By using the differential calculus, an analytical model is established in which the position of the workpiece is offset and the positioning error is described as the change of the position of the contact point, taking into account the independence principle of the size and angle of the contact pair. A data table method is proposed to check the independence of the variables to ensure the correct calculation of the workpiece position offset, and a unified workpiece position migration model is proposed for different contact modes of the fixture workpiece. Using the directional dimension path model and the directed dimension chain model, the contact point position change is described as the contact pair dimension error. At last, the paper discusses the problem of calculating the workpiece position offset by the positioning error, and puts forward the kinematics analysis model of the workpiece fixture system. In this paper, it is new to solve the problem of vector loop construction. It is stored in database in the form of table, and it is easy to realize the automatic analysis of positioning error by computer programming.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG75

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