本文關(guān)鍵詞：PVD涂層陶瓷刀具切削灰鑄鐵的性能研究　出處：《廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 陶瓷刀具 PVD涂層 力學(xué)性能 磨損機(jī)理 切削方式

【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代高速、高效加工技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展下,陶瓷材料(主要分為氧化鋁基和氮化硅基陶瓷材料)以其優(yōu)異的耐磨性和穩(wěn)定的高溫性能成為當(dāng)世紀(jì)最有應(yīng)用前景的刀具材料之一,但目前仍有一些技術(shù)難點(diǎn)限制著陶瓷刀具材料在高速加工領(lǐng)域的廣泛應(yīng)用。氧化鋁陶瓷材料的強(qiáng)度與抗熱震性較弱,在切削沖擊下容易崩刃甚至碎裂；而氮化硅陶瓷材料易與工件中的Fe發(fā)生親和,在切削高溫下會(huì)發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)使刀具化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性下降,導(dǎo)致刀具急劇磨損。隨著硬質(zhì)涂層技術(shù)的發(fā)展,在刀具表面沉積一層硬質(zhì)、耐磨或者化學(xué)性能穩(wěn)定的涂層,成為一種有效改善刀具切削性能的途徑。其中,物理氣相沉積(PVD)法制備涂層時(shí),工藝溫度要求低,且無(wú)污染物排放,是一種環(huán)境友好科學(xué)技術(shù)。而且該法所沉積的涂層還具有高硬度、低摩擦系數(shù)、優(yōu)異的耐磨性和化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性等特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用在陶瓷刀具上可與基體材料性能互補(bǔ),大幅度提高陶瓷刀具的切削性能與使用壽命。為了研究PVD涂層陶瓷刀具的切削性能,本課題在采用物理氣相沉積中陰極電弧蒸發(fā)鍍(PVD-CAE)工藝在氧化鋁刀具表面沉積TiN、TiSiN涂層,在氮化硅刀具表面沉積TiAlN、TiAlSiN涂層和CrAlN、TiAlN涂層。采用掃描電鏡(SEM)測(cè)量觀察涂層微觀結(jié)構(gòu)與厚度,分別采用顯微硬度計(jì)和劃痕儀表征涂層的結(jié)合強(qiáng)度與表面硬度。并結(jié)合涂層的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)與力學(xué)性能,通過(guò)切削灰鑄鐵實(shí)驗(yàn)研究多種PVD涂層陶瓷刀具的切削性能和磨損機(jī)理。本課題還以CrAlN、TiAlN涂層氮化硅刀具為研究對(duì)象,分析不同切削方式與切削速度對(duì)PVD涂層陶瓷刀具切削壽命、磨損機(jī)理和刀具加工質(zhì)量的影響。結(jié)果表明：1)采用PVD法沉積在陶瓷刀具表面的涂層結(jié)構(gòu)致密,與基體結(jié)合良好,均能有效提高刀具的表面硬度,從而提高刀具的切削壽命。2)TiN、TiSiN涂層和無(wú)涂層氧化鋁刀具切削灰鑄鐵的磨損機(jī)制主要是磨粒磨損,無(wú)涂層刀具還會(huì)出現(xiàn)微崩刃。TiAlSiN涂層和無(wú)涂層氮化硅刀具切削灰鑄鐵過(guò)程中主要的磨損機(jī)制為磨粒磨損和少量的粘結(jié)磨損。而TiAlN涂層氮化硅刀具切削灰鑄鐵時(shí),磨損初期主要發(fā)生磨粒磨損和少量粘結(jié)磨損,繼而出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的粘結(jié)磨損。3)在連續(xù)車(chē)削過(guò)程中,PVD涂層氮化硅陶瓷刀具的切削壽命均隨著切削速度的增大而迅速減少,不同切削速度下PVD涂層陶瓷刀具切削灰鑄鐵的磨損機(jī)理無(wú)明顯區(qū)別。4)在高速面銑過(guò)程中,PVD涂層氮化硅刀具的使用壽命先是隨著切削速度的增大而減少,當(dāng)切削速度上升到某一值后,則隨切削速度的上升而增加。不同切削速度下涂層刀具出現(xiàn)的磨損機(jī)理本質(zhì)相同,只是刀具的粘結(jié)磨損輕重不同。面銑過(guò)程中刀具加工質(zhì)量隨切削速度的變化與刀具使用壽命變化相似。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern high speed and high efficiency processing technology. Ceramic materials (mainly alumina and silicon nitride based ceramic materials) have become one of the most promising tool materials in the century for their excellent wear resistance and stable high temperature properties. However, there are still some technical difficulties which limit the wide application of ceramic tool materials in the field of high-speed machining. The strength and thermal shock resistance of alumina ceramic materials are weak, and it is easy to break down or even break under the impact of cutting. The silicon nitride ceramic material is easy to be compatible with Fe in the workpiece, and chemical reaction will occur at high temperature, which will lead to the tool chemical stability decline, leading to the sharp wear of the tool, with the development of hard coating technology. Deposition of a hard, wear-resistant or chemically stable coating on the surface of the cutting tool is an effective way to improve the cutting performance of the tool, especially when the coating is prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The coating deposited by this method has the advantages of high hardness, low friction coefficient, excellent wear resistance and chemical stability. In order to study the cutting performance of PVD coated ceramic tools, the cutting performance and service life of ceramic tools can be greatly improved by complementing the properties of ceramic tools with substrate. In this paper, TiN- TiSiN coating was deposited on the surface of alumina tool and TiAlN was deposited on the surface of silicon nitride tool by cathodic arc evaporation deposition (PVD-CAE) process in physical vapor deposition. The microstructure and thickness of TiAlSiN and CrAlN TiAlN coatings were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bonding strength and surface hardness of the coating were characterized by microhardness meter and scratch instrument respectively. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating were also combined. The cutting performance and wear mechanism of various PVD coated ceramic cutters were studied by cutting gray cast iron. The CrAlN TiAlN coated silicon nitride tool was also used as the research object. The cutting life of PVD coated ceramic tool with different cutting methods and cutting speed was analyzed. The results show that the coating deposited on the ceramic tool surface by PVD method is compact in structure and well bonded with the substrate, which can effectively improve the surface hardness of the tool. Thus, the wear mechanism of cutting gray cast iron with Al _ 2O _ 3 and without coating is mainly abrasive wear. The main wear mechanisms in cutting gray cast iron with uncoated silicon nitride tool are abrasive wear and a little bonding wear, while TiAlN coating nitridation is the main wear mechanism in the process of cutting gray cast iron with micro-disintegrating edge. TiAlSiN coating and uncoated silicon nitride tool. When cutting gray cast iron with silicon tool. Abrasive wear and a small amount of bond wear occur in the initial wear stage, and then serious adhesive wear. 3) in the continuous turning process. The cutting life of PVD coated silicon nitride ceramic tool decreases rapidly with the increase of cutting speed. The wear mechanism of cutting gray cast iron with PVD coated ceramic tool at different cutting speed has no obvious difference. 4) in the process of high speed surface milling. The service life of PVD coated silicon nitride tool decreases with the increase of cutting speed, when the cutting speed increases to a certain value. The wear mechanism of coated cutting tools at different cutting speeds is the same in essence. The change of cutting tool quality with cutting speed is similar to the change of tool service life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣東工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TG711

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