柴油車排放成為北方冬季造成嚴重霧霾污染的重要顆粒物源,占機動車顆粒物排放總量的90%。碳質物質(總碳TC,有機碳OC和元素碳EC)是氣溶膠粒子的主要成分,不僅是大氣污染物,而且是影響氣候變化的污染物。研究了柴油卡車排放顆粒物中碳質組分的特征,不僅探究了柴油卡車排放顆粒物中碳質組分的科學規(guī)律,還為環(huán)境管理政策和污染控制提供基礎數據和技術方法。本研究采用現(xiàn)場實驗、數學計算和模型模擬的法,以柴油卡車排放顆粒物中碳質組分為研究對象,開展科學研究。在實驗數據采集過程中,采用道路機動車尾氣排放稀釋采樣技術對輕型和重型柴油卡車進行測試,采樣系統(tǒng)連接在運行的柴油卡車排氣管上采集樣品,并在哈爾濱的冬季和夏季進行對比試驗。采集的樣品經預處理后,用DRI OC/EC分析儀進行碳質組分分析。排放清單的建立基于模型方法,首先應用排放因子模型研究了兩種類型的柴油卡車的排放因子,并以此為基礎對歷年排放因子進行模擬計算;然后應用柴油車輛排放活動水平數據側模型計算20年的活動數據,其中技術分布、車輛類型、卡車保有量等均作為主要參數考慮在內。排放清單的結果應用廣泛,可用于空氣質量模擬,控制戰(zhàn)略效果評估,進而實現(xiàn)污染物減排...

【文章頁數】：58 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION
    1.1 BACKGROUND
    1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
        1.2.1 Black Carbon:Composition,Source and Distribution
        1.2.2 Areas of scientific uncertainty/research needs
        1.2.3 Reduction of black carbon emissions offers the possibility to achieve short-term climate Impact and avoid dangerous “tipping Points”
        1.2.4 Reducing Black Carbon Emissions Has strong Health and Air Quality Benefits
        1.2.5 Difficulty in Comparing The Climate Impacts Of Long-Lived Greenhouse Gases And Short-Lived Climate Forcers
        1.2.6 The Technology Needed To Reduce Black Carbon
        1.2.7 Reducing The Climate Impacts Of Black Carbon:Policy Challenges
        1.2.8 Scientific Uncertainty Regarding The Total Climate Impacts of Black Carbon and Other Short-Lived Climate Forcers
    1.3 Aims and contents
    1.4 ROADMAP OF THE STUDY
Chapter2:Materials and Methods
    2.1 TESTING OF VEHICULAR EMISSIONS
        2.1.1 Selection of Vehicles
        2.1.2 Location and Sampling Plan
        2.1.3 Build the sampling system
        2.1.4 Preparation for Sampling
        2.1.5 Sampling the vehicular carbonaceous emissions
    2.2 CARBONACEOUS SAMPLE ANALYSIS
        2.2.1 Analysis Preparation
        2.2.2 Loading The Filter Punch
        2.2.3 The Analysis of BC by DRI OC/EC analyzer
    2.3 BUILDING EMISSION INVENTORY
        2.3.1 Calculations of emission factors
        2.3.2 Activity data
Chapter3 Characteristics of measured carbonaceous emission factors from diesel vehicles
    3.1 EMISSION FACTORS OF CARBONACEOUS MATTERS
    3.2 DIFFERENCES OF CARBONACEOUS EMISSION FACTORS BY RUNNING CYCLES
        3.2.1 Effects of running cycles on TC emission factors
        3.2.2 Effects of running cycles on OC emission factors
        3.2.3 Effects of running cycles on EC emission factor
    SUMMERY
Chapter4 Carbonaceous emissions from diesel trucks and its climate benefits from China’s vehicular emission control
    4.1 TOTAL EMISSIONS OF DIESEL TRUCKS IN HARBIN
        4.1.1 Carbonaceous emissions
    4.2 EVALUATION OF CONTROL STRATEGIES
    4.3 CLIMATE BENEFITS FROM CHINA’S VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS



本文編號：3955109