全球人口預(yù)計(jì)將從2005年的65億增加到2050年的近92億,其中大部分人口增長(zhǎng)是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家。隨著人口的增長(zhǎng),淡水需求量的增加和磷酸鹽資源的枯竭是人類(lèi)發(fā)展面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn),解決這些問(wèn)題的最佳方法之一是5Rs(減少,更換,回收,再循環(huán)和再利用)的實(shí)施。本文的目的是針對(duì)蒙羅維亞(利比里亞)水資源管理系統(tǒng)的需求分析和基于生態(tài)衛(wèi)生的廢物處理研究。利比里亞位于非洲西海岸,與塞拉利昂和幾內(nèi)亞接壤,毗鄰象牙海岸和大西洋。利比里亞64%人口的飲水取自井水,這是一個(gè)受到污染且不安全的飲用水源。城市內(nèi)14.5%的排污系統(tǒng)連接到污水管網(wǎng),其余大量未連接到污水管網(wǎng)。由于缺乏公共廁所,小型排污管網(wǎng)導(dǎo)致水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化程度高,城市內(nèi)的露天排便痕跡隨處可見(jiàn)。由于大多數(shù)自來(lái)水和污水處理基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施無(wú)法運(yùn)行,水質(zhì)惡化是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。與此同時(shí)由于收集和處置不當(dāng),固體廢物管理也成為了一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。由于有超過(guò)140萬(wàn)的人口每天生活費(fèi)不足0.5美元,迫切需要解決給水和排水系統(tǒng)存在的問(wèn)題,并為供水和污水處理系統(tǒng)提供的新思想和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新。隨著國(guó)內(nèi)(利比里亞)的經(jīng)濟(jì)快速?gòu)?fù)蘇和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,環(huán)境可持續(xù)性新技術(shù)的投資仍然由政府的控制和監(jiān)管,基于源頭分離...

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：122 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
摘要
PREFACE
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
1 INTRODUCTION
    1.1 FRESHWATER RESOURCES IN LIBERIA
    1.2 SURFACE AND GROUND WATER POLLUTION
    1.3 SANITATION AND WATER DEMANDS IN THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS
    1.4 WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AND THE CONCEPT OF ECO-SANITATION
    1.5 APPLICATION IN THE LIBERIAN CONTEXT
    1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE THESIS
2 APPLICATIONS OF ECO-SAN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
    2.1 WORLDWIDE APPLICATIONS OF ECO-SAN
        2.1.1 PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGIES OF ECO-SAN
    2.2 APPLICATION OF ECO-SAN IN AFRICA
    2.3 THE DIFFERENCE AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN LIBERIA AND OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES
3 RECOVERY OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SOURCE SEPARATED URINE BY STRUVITEPRECIPITATION
    3.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS
        3.1.1 ORTHOPHOSPHATE REMOVAL (SEAWATER, MgCL₂, AND SYNTHETIC WASTEWATER)
        3.1.2 PH EFFECTS
        3.1.3 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
        3.1.4 SEDIMENTATION EFFECTS
    3.2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
        3.2.1 ORTHOPHOSPHATE
        3.2.2 EFFECTS OF PH
        3.2.3 TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
        3.2.4 SEDIMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PRECIPITATES
4 NITRITATION OF SOURCE SEPARATED URINE IN SEQUENCE BATCH REACTOR
    4.1 SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR
        4.1.1 APPARATUS
    4.2 OPERATION OF THE SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR
        4.2.1 COD AND NITROGEN CHANGES
        4.2.2 PH AND ORP CHANGES
    4.3 PERFORMANCE OF NITROGEN REMOVAL IN A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR BY SHORTCUT NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION
    4.4 NITROGEN REMOVAL BY COMBINED PARTIAL NITRITATION AND ANAMMOX PROCESS
5 USE OF NITRIFIED URINE FOR GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL IN SEPTIC TANK
    5.1 TEST METHODS AND SAMPLES PREPARATIONS
    5.2 SEPTIC TANK PERFORMANCE BEFORE NITRITE ADDITION
        5.2.1 PH CHANGES IN THE REACTOR
        5.2.2 ALKALINITY CHANGES
        5.2.3 COD AND NITROGEN CHANGES
        5.2.4 AMMONIA CHANGES
    5.3 INHIBITION OF GREENHOUSE GAS PRODUCTION IN SEPTIC TANK BY NITRITE GENERATEDFROM SOURCE-SEPARATED URINE
    5.4 EFFECT OF NITRITE ON GREENHOUSE GAS PRODUCTION IN SEPTIC TANK BATCHEXPERIMENTS
    5.5 PERFORMANCE OF NITRITE ADDITION IN A CONTINUOUS FLOW SEPTIC TANK TREATINGDOMESTIC WASTEWATER
6 IMPLEMENTATION IMPACT OF ECO-SANITATION IN LIBERIA,IN THE FUTURE
    6.1 POST-CONFLICT, SITUATIONS
    6.2 CURRENT SITUATION
    6.3 FUTURE PROSPECT
7 CONCLUSIONS
References
Pfread Reort
INDEX
AUTHOR PROFILE AND RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENTS OBTAINED DURING THE STUDYFOR A MASTER'S/DOCTORAL DEGREE
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITYDATASET FOR THE MASTER'S THESIS



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