地下水典型污染源全過程監(jiān)控及預(yù)警方法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-24 18:41
【摘要】：地下水資源作為重要的水資源,近年來其污染日益嚴(yán)重,給人類健康帶來了嚴(yán)重的威脅。地下水污染具有復(fù)雜性、隱蔽性以及難治理等特點(diǎn),針對(duì)地下水污染防控的核心問題是建立地下水的監(jiān)控及預(yù)警體系。建立監(jiān)控預(yù)警體系可有效遏制突發(fā)性地下水污染的發(fā)生,最大限度的減少安全和健康問題。按照 污染源-污染途徑-保護(hù)目標(biāo)‖的地下水污染過程,提出針對(duì)污染源建立全過程監(jiān)控體系,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)污染源的全過程監(jiān)控,并利用監(jiān)控?cái)?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行污染預(yù)警。本文針對(duì)地下水污染監(jiān)控及預(yù)警的實(shí)際問題,取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)建立基于污染物含量、污染物危害性、污染物遷移性以及是否為 我國優(yōu)先控制污染物‖4因子的特征污染物篩選體系。根據(jù)環(huán)保部2011年完成的《全國地下水基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境狀況調(diào)查評(píng)估》,以四類典型污染源(加油站、生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng)、銅礦開采及高爾夫球場(chǎng))為例,進(jìn)行特征污染物的篩選并確定了監(jiān)控目標(biāo)污染物。其中加油站和高爾夫球場(chǎng)特征污染物主要為有機(jī)物類,礦山開采特征污染物為重金屬離子類,生活垃圾填埋場(chǎng)特征污染物主要為無機(jī)物類。(2)為提高監(jiān)控能力,同時(shí)針對(duì)地下水自動(dòng)化監(jiān)控的要求。本文選取幾個(gè)水質(zhì)參數(shù)進(jìn)行初步探討,并在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行了典型污染源特征污染物響應(yīng)的初步研究,并建立初步的響應(yīng)模型。室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)研究結(jié)果表明:部分水質(zhì)參數(shù)(p H、ORP、EC)對(duì)典型污染源特征污染物存在明顯的響應(yīng)關(guān)系,可作為污染源地下水實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控指標(biāo)。(3)按照 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源-污染途徑-保護(hù)目標(biāo)‖的地下水污染過程,針對(duì)污染源提出建立全過程監(jiān)控體系,監(jiān)控過程包括:污染源滲漏監(jiān)控、非飽和帶監(jiān)控、飽和帶監(jiān)控和基于保護(hù)目標(biāo)的地下水監(jiān)控。其中污染源滲漏監(jiān)控屬于源監(jiān)控,場(chǎng)區(qū)非飽和帶監(jiān)控和飽和帶監(jiān)控屬于途徑監(jiān)控,基于保護(hù)目標(biāo)的地下水監(jiān)控屬于保護(hù)目標(biāo)監(jiān)控。地下水滲漏監(jiān)控技術(shù)可及時(shí)查明風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源泄漏點(diǎn),防止風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源大量泄漏導(dǎo)致的地下水污染,針對(duì)滲漏監(jiān)控技術(shù)的研究主要是對(duì)現(xiàn)有成熟的滲漏監(jiān)控技術(shù)進(jìn)行分析,從經(jīng)濟(jì)性以及技術(shù)性進(jìn)行篩選,為污染源提供滲漏監(jiān)控技術(shù)篩選方法;地下水非飽和帶監(jiān)控采用pH、ORP、EC自動(dòng)化監(jiān)測(cè)手段,利用水平監(jiān)控井技術(shù)對(duì)滲漏設(shè)備或設(shè)施下方非飽和帶進(jìn)行監(jiān)控,當(dāng)污染源發(fā)生突發(fā)大量泄漏時(shí),可做出快速響應(yīng);基于飽和帶監(jiān)控和保護(hù)目標(biāo)的地下水監(jiān)測(cè)以監(jiān)控井作為主要紐帶,對(duì)各污染源監(jiān)控井布設(shè)進(jìn)行探討。(4)結(jié)合地下水全過程監(jiān)控體系,提出地下水水質(zhì)預(yù)警的框架與模式。采用地下水途徑監(jiān)控技術(shù),分兩級(jí)預(yù)警模式,首先污染源非飽和帶初級(jí)監(jiān)控預(yù)警系統(tǒng),同時(shí)運(yùn)用響應(yīng)模型以及控制圖理論確定地下水預(yù)警警戒線,共同實(shí)現(xiàn)地下水的污染初預(yù)警。該監(jiān)控預(yù)警模式自動(dòng)化程度較高,可在污染事件發(fā)生的初期偵測(cè)到污染;其次場(chǎng)區(qū)飽和帶監(jiān)控預(yù)警系統(tǒng),當(dāng)非飽和帶預(yù)警系統(tǒng)監(jiān)控到地下水可能受到污染后,通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采樣,實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)化驗(yàn)等方式,判斷非飽和帶監(jiān)控初預(yù)警是預(yù)警事件還是誤報(bào)。隨后根據(jù)場(chǎng)區(qū)范圍各監(jiān)控井飽和帶水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)其污染程度做出準(zhǔn)確評(píng)價(jià),并預(yù)報(bào)警度(藍(lán)色、黃色、橙色和紅色)。
[Abstract]:As an important water resource, groundwater resources have become a serious threat to human health in recent years. The core problem of groundwater pollution prevention and control is to establish the monitoring and early warning system of groundwater. The establishment of the monitoring and early warning system can effectively stop the occurrence of sudden underground water pollution and minimize the safety and health problems. According to the pollution source-pollution approach-the groundwater pollution process in the target area is protected, the whole process monitoring system for the pollution source is proposed, the whole process monitoring of the pollution source is realized, and the monitoring data is used for carrying out pollution early warning. In the light of the practical problems of the monitoring and early warning of groundwater pollution, the main research results are as follows: (1) Establish a feature pollutant screening system based on the pollutant content, the pollutant hazard, the pollutant migration and whether to give priority to the pollutants in China. According to the survey and assessment of the environmental condition of the national underground water completed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2011, the screening of the characteristic pollutants and the monitoring of the target pollutants are carried out in the following four types of typical pollution sources (gas stations, domestic refuse landfill, copper mine and golf course). In which the characteristic pollutants of the gas station and the golf course are mainly organic matters, and the mining characteristic pollutants of the mine are heavy metal ions, and the characteristic pollutants of the domestic refuse landfill are mainly inorganic substances. (2) To improve the monitoring capability, and to meet the requirements of the automatic monitoring of the underground water. In this paper, a preliminary study of several water quality parameters is carried out, and a preliminary study on the characteristic pollutant response of typical pollution sources is carried out in the room, and a preliminary response model is established. The results of the indoor test show that some water quality parameters (p H, ORP, EC) have obvious response to the typical pollutant source characteristics, and can be used as the real-time monitoring index of the pollution source groundwater. (3) According to the risk source-pollution approach-to protect the groundwater pollution process of the target site, the whole process monitoring system shall be established for the pollution source, and the monitoring process includes the monitoring of the pollution source, the monitoring of the unsaturated zone, the monitoring of the saturation zone and the monitoring of the groundwater based on the protection target. The monitoring of the pollution source leakage belongs to the source monitoring, the monitoring of the unsaturated zone in the site and the monitoring of the saturation zone belong to the way monitoring, and the monitoring of the underground water based on the protection target belongs to the monitoring of the protection target. The groundwater leakage monitoring technology can identify the risk source leakage point in time and prevent the underground water pollution caused by the large amount of leakage of the risk source, The invention provides a method for screening a leakage monitoring technology for a pollution source, a pH value, an ORP and an EC automatic monitoring method are adopted for monitoring the unsaturated zone of the underground water, The rapid response can be made; the monitoring and monitoring of the groundwater based on the monitoring and protection of the saturation zone is used as the main link, and the monitoring well layout of each pollution source is discussed. (4) The framework and model of the early warning of groundwater quality are put forward in combination with the monitoring system of the whole process of underground water. The groundwater approach monitoring technology and the two-stage early-warning mode are adopted, first, the primary monitoring and early-warning system of the non-saturated zone of the pollution source is adopted, the response model and the control chart theory are used to determine the pre-warning warning line of the underground water, and the early-warning of the groundwater pollution is realized. The monitoring and early warning mode has high degree of automation, can detect the pollution in the early stage of the pollution event, And judging whether the pre-warning of the unsaturated belt monitoring is an early warning event or a false alarm. The water quality monitoring data of each monitoring well is then monitored according to the range of the field area, and the pollution degree of the monitoring well is accurately evaluated, and the warning degree (blue, yellow, orange and red) is predicted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X523
本文編號(hào)：2505276
[Abstract]:As an important water resource, groundwater resources have become a serious threat to human health in recent years. The core problem of groundwater pollution prevention and control is to establish the monitoring and early warning system of groundwater. The establishment of the monitoring and early warning system can effectively stop the occurrence of sudden underground water pollution and minimize the safety and health problems. According to the pollution source-pollution approach-the groundwater pollution process in the target area is protected, the whole process monitoring system for the pollution source is proposed, the whole process monitoring of the pollution source is realized, and the monitoring data is used for carrying out pollution early warning. In the light of the practical problems of the monitoring and early warning of groundwater pollution, the main research results are as follows: (1) Establish a feature pollutant screening system based on the pollutant content, the pollutant hazard, the pollutant migration and whether to give priority to the pollutants in China. According to the survey and assessment of the environmental condition of the national underground water completed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2011, the screening of the characteristic pollutants and the monitoring of the target pollutants are carried out in the following four types of typical pollution sources (gas stations, domestic refuse landfill, copper mine and golf course). In which the characteristic pollutants of the gas station and the golf course are mainly organic matters, and the mining characteristic pollutants of the mine are heavy metal ions, and the characteristic pollutants of the domestic refuse landfill are mainly inorganic substances. (2) To improve the monitoring capability, and to meet the requirements of the automatic monitoring of the underground water. In this paper, a preliminary study of several water quality parameters is carried out, and a preliminary study on the characteristic pollutant response of typical pollution sources is carried out in the room, and a preliminary response model is established. The results of the indoor test show that some water quality parameters (p H, ORP, EC) have obvious response to the typical pollutant source characteristics, and can be used as the real-time monitoring index of the pollution source groundwater. (3) According to the risk source-pollution approach-to protect the groundwater pollution process of the target site, the whole process monitoring system shall be established for the pollution source, and the monitoring process includes the monitoring of the pollution source, the monitoring of the unsaturated zone, the monitoring of the saturation zone and the monitoring of the groundwater based on the protection target. The monitoring of the pollution source leakage belongs to the source monitoring, the monitoring of the unsaturated zone in the site and the monitoring of the saturation zone belong to the way monitoring, and the monitoring of the underground water based on the protection target belongs to the monitoring of the protection target. The groundwater leakage monitoring technology can identify the risk source leakage point in time and prevent the underground water pollution caused by the large amount of leakage of the risk source, The invention provides a method for screening a leakage monitoring technology for a pollution source, a pH value, an ORP and an EC automatic monitoring method are adopted for monitoring the unsaturated zone of the underground water, The rapid response can be made; the monitoring and monitoring of the groundwater based on the monitoring and protection of the saturation zone is used as the main link, and the monitoring well layout of each pollution source is discussed. (4) The framework and model of the early warning of groundwater quality are put forward in combination with the monitoring system of the whole process of underground water. The groundwater approach monitoring technology and the two-stage early-warning mode are adopted, first, the primary monitoring and early-warning system of the non-saturated zone of the pollution source is adopted, the response model and the control chart theory are used to determine the pre-warning warning line of the underground water, and the early-warning of the groundwater pollution is realized. The monitoring and early warning mode has high degree of automation, can detect the pollution in the early stage of the pollution event, And judging whether the pre-warning of the unsaturated belt monitoring is an early warning event or a false alarm. The water quality monitoring data of each monitoring well is then monitored according to the range of the field area, and the pollution degree of the monitoring well is accurately evaluated, and the warning degree (blue, yellow, orange and red) is predicted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X523
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，本文編號(hào)：2505276
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