海河流域典型河流滏陽(yáng)河中氮賦存形態(tài)及氨氮轉(zhuǎn)化特征研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-19 18:21
【摘要】：海河流域地處我國(guó)北方經(jīng)濟(jì)的核心地區(qū)。由于流域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,城市化進(jìn)程的加快,以及流域內(nèi)水資源稟賦天然不足,導(dǎo)致其成為我國(guó)極度缺水和嚴(yán)重污染的流域之一,其中以氮污染最為突出。研究海河流域典型河流滏陽(yáng)河氮污染特征,對(duì)河流氮污染治理以及河流生態(tài)修復(fù)具有重要的意義。同時(shí),氮素作為生物有機(jī)體的組成元素,其在河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的地球化學(xué)循環(huán)與河流氮污染問(wèn)題有著密切的聯(lián)系。本研究主要針對(duì)海河流域典型河流滏陽(yáng)河嚴(yán)重的氮污染問(wèn)題,通過(guò)對(duì)滏陽(yáng)河水體和沉積物中氮素的賦存形態(tài)和分布特征的研究,展現(xiàn)了滏陽(yáng)河氮污染的近況和特點(diǎn)；并選擇滏陽(yáng)河各段具有代表性的樣點(diǎn)分析沉積物孔隙水和上覆水中無(wú)機(jī)氮的分布特征和形態(tài)組成,估算水—沉積物界面無(wú)機(jī)氮的擴(kuò)散通量和年負(fù)荷貢獻(xiàn)量,探明外源污染物的排放和沉積物內(nèi)源釋放對(duì)河流水體水質(zhì)的影響；然后針對(duì)滏陽(yáng)河“高氨氮”的污染特性,通過(guò)研究表層沉積物氨化速率、潛在硝化速率(Potential Nitrification Rate, PNR)以及沉積物對(duì)氨氮的吸附—解吸特征,揭示了沉積物氨氮的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程。研究結(jié)果表明：(1)滏陽(yáng)河表層水TN的平均濃度為24.95mg/L,超出國(guó)家地表水V類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；表層沉積物TN的平均濃度為2902.02mg/kg,達(dá)到美國(guó)EPA沉積物評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的重污染程度。表層水氮素的主要賦存形態(tài)為可溶性無(wú)機(jī)氮(DIN),其中NH4+-N為主要污染成分,占DIN的83.6%。表層沉積物則以有機(jī)氮為主要存在形態(tài),其占TN的89.02%；而DIN的主要賦存形態(tài)是NH4+-N,所占比例達(dá)到54.88%。相關(guān)性分析表明,滏陽(yáng)河表層水和沉積物中各形態(tài)氮之間以及理化指標(biāo)對(duì)不同形態(tài)氮含量和分布具有一定的影響,另外,表層水和沉積物中氮的賦存形態(tài)和含量也可以互相影響。(2)滏陽(yáng)河上覆水和孔隙水中DIN的賦存形態(tài)仍以NH4+-N為主,其占DIN的比例分別達(dá)到96.4%和94.2%。在垂直尺度上,上覆水NH4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N的濃度隨深度增加基本保持穩(wěn)定,而孔隙水中其波動(dòng)較大,并且NH4+-N和NO3--N均在0-10cm范圍內(nèi)出現(xiàn)最大值。此外,NO2--N由于其不穩(wěn)定性,在孔隙水呈現(xiàn)明顯的波動(dòng)性。在空間尺度上,上覆水和孔隙水中無(wú)機(jī)氮仍以石家莊段最為嚴(yán)重。滏陽(yáng)河水-沉積物界面無(wú)機(jī)氮的擴(kuò)散通量和年負(fù)荷貢獻(xiàn)量具有明顯的空間差異性。對(duì)于擴(kuò)散通量,除了N02--N在整個(gè)滏陽(yáng)河表現(xiàn)為從沉積物向上覆水釋放外,其余均表現(xiàn)為不一致的“源”、“匯”特征,表明滏陽(yáng)河沉積物存在一定的氮污染物的釋放風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在石家莊段,氨氮的擴(kuò)散通量達(dá)到.42.18 mg/(m2·d),外源污染年負(fù)荷貢獻(xiàn)量達(dá)到101.62t/a,說(shuō)明該河段受氨氮外源污染嚴(yán)重。因此,對(duì)滏陽(yáng)河治理在控制外源排放的同時(shí),內(nèi)源負(fù)荷也是不容忽視的。(3)滏陽(yáng)河表層沉積物氨化速率和潛在硝化速率的平均值分別為4.30μgN/(g·h)和0.152μg N/(g·h),前者約為后者的28倍。與其他研究結(jié)果相比,滏陽(yáng)河氨化速率和PNR的變化范圍較大,具有明顯的空間差異性。表層沉積物NH4+-N的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)過(guò)程符合拋物線擴(kuò)散模型和修正的Elovich模型,包括快速吸附和吸附平衡兩個(gè)階段,前者在前120min完成,而后逐漸達(dá)到吸附平衡。在低濃度是,滏陽(yáng)河表層沉積物NH4+-N的等溫吸附曲線滿(mǎn)足Henry模型,其擬合程度達(dá)到了極其顯著的效果,并得出沉積物的吸附—解吸平衡濃度在0.55-26.15mg/L之間,沉積物的本底吸附量介于8.181-402.68mg/kg之間。除S07外,各個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)用Langmuir等溫平衡吸附模型擬合的效果較好,沉積物對(duì)NH4+-N的最大吸附量在429.10-1162.60mg/kg之間。而Freundlich模型對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)法擬合。滏陽(yáng)河表層沉積物對(duì)NH4+-N的解吸特性與吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)特性相似,但其達(dá)到吸附平衡需要6h。除S07外,其余各點(diǎn)均可用一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程進(jìn)行擬合。另外,各點(diǎn)的平衡解吸量的變化范圍為36.50-400.59mg/kg。滏陽(yáng)河表層沉積物的平衡解吸量與TN、NH4+-N和C/N值具有一定的相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:The Haihe river basin is located in the core area of the northern economy of our country. As a result of the rapid development of the economic and social development of the basin, the acceleration of the urbanization process, and the natural shortage of the natural resources of the water resources in the basin, it has become one of the most severe water shortage and serious pollution in our country, in which the nitrogen pollution is the most prominent. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of the pollution of the water and nitrogen in the typical rivers in the Haihe river basin, and it is of great significance to the river and nitrogen pollution treatment and the river ecological restoration. At the same time, nitrogen is a component of the biological organism, and its geochemical cycle in the river ecosystem is closely related to the problem of river and nitrogen pollution. The present study mainly aims at the problem of the serious nitrogen pollution of the typical river in the Haihe river basin, and through the study of the form and distribution of the occurrence and distribution of the nitrogen in the water body and sediment of the Xianyang river basin, the present situation and the characteristics of the pollution of the river and nitrogen in the basin are presented. and the distribution characteristics and the form of the inorganic nitrogen in the water and the overlying water are analyzed by the representative sample points in the sections of the Youyang River, and the diffusion flux and the annual load contribution amount of the inorganic nitrogen in the water and sediment interface are estimated, The effects of the emission of foreign pollutants and the endogenous release of the sediment on the water quality of the river water were studied, and then the characteristics of the adsorption and desorption of the ammonia nitrogen from the sediments were studied through the study of the pollution characteristics of the "high ammonia nitrogen" of the Xianyang River, by studying the ammonia rate of the surface sediments, the potential nitrification rate (PNR) and the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the sediment on the ammonia nitrogen. The migration and transformation process of the ammonia nitrogen in the sediment is revealed. The results show that: (1) The average concentration of TN in the surface layer of the Tianyang River is 24.95mg/ L, which is out of the national surface water type V standard; the average concentration of the surface sediment TN is 292.02 mg/ kg, and the heavy pollution degree of the American EPA sediment evaluation standard is achieved. The main occurrence of nitrogen in surface water is soluble inorganic nitrogen (DIN), in which NH4 +-N is the main pollution component, accounting for 83.6% of DIN. The main occurrence form of the surface sediments is that of the organic nitrogen, which accounts for 89.02% of the TN, while the main occurrence form of the DIN is NH4 +-N, and the proportion is 54.88%. The correlation analysis shows that the nitrogen content and the distribution of nitrogen in the surface water and sediment of the Tianyang River have a certain effect on the nitrogen content and distribution of the different forms. In addition, the form and the content of the nitrogen in the surface water and the sediment can also be influenced by each other. (2) The content of DIN in the water and pore water in the water and pore water of the Yinyang River is mainly NH4 +-N, and the proportion of the DIN is 96.4% and 94.2%, respectively. In the vertical scale, the concentration of NH4 +-N, NO3--N and NO2--N in the overlying water is basically stable with the increasing of the depth, while the fluctuation of the pore water is large, and the NH4 +-N and the NO3--N both have a maximum value in the range of 0-10 cm. In addition, NO2--N exhibits significant volatility in pore water due to its instability. In that space scale, the inorganic nitrogen in the upper and the pore water is still the most serious in the Shijiazhuang section. The diffusion flux and annual load contribution of the inorganic nitrogen in the water-sediment interface of the water-sediment interface of the Yangyang River have obvious spatial difference. For the diffusion flux, in addition to the N02--N in the whole Biyang River as the release of the water from the sediment, the other shows the non-uniform "source" and "foreign exchange" characteristics, indicating that there is a certain nitrogen pollutant release risk in the sediments of the Biyang River. In the field of Shijiazhuang, the diffusion flux of ammonia nitrogen reached. 42.18 mg/ (m2 路 d), and the annual load contribution of the foreign contamination reached 101.62 t/ a, indicating that the section of the river was seriously polluted by ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, at the same time of controlling the external emission, the endogenous load can not be ignored. (3) The average value of the ammonification rate and the potential nitrification rate of the surface sediment of the Youyang River was 4.30. m u.g N/ (g 路 h) and 0.152. m u.g N/ (g 路 h), respectively, which was about 28 times the latter. Compared with other research results, the changes of the ammoniation rate and PNR of the Biyang River are large, and have obvious spatial difference. The adsorption kinetic process of the surface sediment NH4 +-N is in accordance with the parabolic diffusion model and the modified Elovich model, which includes two stages of rapid adsorption and adsorption equilibrium, the former is completed in the first 120 minutes, and then the adsorption equilibrium is gradually achieved. In the low concentration, the isothermal adsorption curves of the NH4 +-N on the surface sediments of the Biyang River meet the Henry model, the fitting degree of the sediment is extremely remarkable, and the adsorption and desorption equilibrium concentration of the sediment is between 0.55 and 26.15 mg/ L, and the background adsorption amount of the sediment is between 8.181 and 402.68 mg/ kg. In addition to S07, the effect of the Langmuir isotherm equilibrium adsorption model is good, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the sediment to the NH4 +-N is between 429.10 and 1162.60 mg/ kg. The Freundlich model could not fit the data. The desorption of NH _ 4 +-N is similar to that of the adsorption kinetics, but it takes 6 h to achieve the adsorption equilibrium. In addition to S07, the rest of the points can be fitted with a first-order kinetic equation. In addition, the variation range of the equilibrium desorption amount of each point is 36.50 to 400.59 mg/ kg. The equilibrium desorption amount of the surface sediments of the Yangyang River has a certain correlation with the TN, NH4 +-N and C/ N values.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52
本文編號(hào)：2502553
[Abstract]:The Haihe river basin is located in the core area of the northern economy of our country. As a result of the rapid development of the economic and social development of the basin, the acceleration of the urbanization process, and the natural shortage of the natural resources of the water resources in the basin, it has become one of the most severe water shortage and serious pollution in our country, in which the nitrogen pollution is the most prominent. It is of great significance to study the characteristics of the pollution of the water and nitrogen in the typical rivers in the Haihe river basin, and it is of great significance to the river and nitrogen pollution treatment and the river ecological restoration. At the same time, nitrogen is a component of the biological organism, and its geochemical cycle in the river ecosystem is closely related to the problem of river and nitrogen pollution. The present study mainly aims at the problem of the serious nitrogen pollution of the typical river in the Haihe river basin, and through the study of the form and distribution of the occurrence and distribution of the nitrogen in the water body and sediment of the Xianyang river basin, the present situation and the characteristics of the pollution of the river and nitrogen in the basin are presented. and the distribution characteristics and the form of the inorganic nitrogen in the water and the overlying water are analyzed by the representative sample points in the sections of the Youyang River, and the diffusion flux and the annual load contribution amount of the inorganic nitrogen in the water and sediment interface are estimated, The effects of the emission of foreign pollutants and the endogenous release of the sediment on the water quality of the river water were studied, and then the characteristics of the adsorption and desorption of the ammonia nitrogen from the sediments were studied through the study of the pollution characteristics of the "high ammonia nitrogen" of the Xianyang River, by studying the ammonia rate of the surface sediments, the potential nitrification rate (PNR) and the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the sediment on the ammonia nitrogen. The migration and transformation process of the ammonia nitrogen in the sediment is revealed. The results show that: (1) The average concentration of TN in the surface layer of the Tianyang River is 24.95mg/ L, which is out of the national surface water type V standard; the average concentration of the surface sediment TN is 292.02 mg/ kg, and the heavy pollution degree of the American EPA sediment evaluation standard is achieved. The main occurrence of nitrogen in surface water is soluble inorganic nitrogen (DIN), in which NH4 +-N is the main pollution component, accounting for 83.6% of DIN. The main occurrence form of the surface sediments is that of the organic nitrogen, which accounts for 89.02% of the TN, while the main occurrence form of the DIN is NH4 +-N, and the proportion is 54.88%. The correlation analysis shows that the nitrogen content and the distribution of nitrogen in the surface water and sediment of the Tianyang River have a certain effect on the nitrogen content and distribution of the different forms. In addition, the form and the content of the nitrogen in the surface water and the sediment can also be influenced by each other. (2) The content of DIN in the water and pore water in the water and pore water of the Yinyang River is mainly NH4 +-N, and the proportion of the DIN is 96.4% and 94.2%, respectively. In the vertical scale, the concentration of NH4 +-N, NO3--N and NO2--N in the overlying water is basically stable with the increasing of the depth, while the fluctuation of the pore water is large, and the NH4 +-N and the NO3--N both have a maximum value in the range of 0-10 cm. In addition, NO2--N exhibits significant volatility in pore water due to its instability. In that space scale, the inorganic nitrogen in the upper and the pore water is still the most serious in the Shijiazhuang section. The diffusion flux and annual load contribution of the inorganic nitrogen in the water-sediment interface of the water-sediment interface of the Yangyang River have obvious spatial difference. For the diffusion flux, in addition to the N02--N in the whole Biyang River as the release of the water from the sediment, the other shows the non-uniform "source" and "foreign exchange" characteristics, indicating that there is a certain nitrogen pollutant release risk in the sediments of the Biyang River. In the field of Shijiazhuang, the diffusion flux of ammonia nitrogen reached. 42.18 mg/ (m2 路 d), and the annual load contribution of the foreign contamination reached 101.62 t/ a, indicating that the section of the river was seriously polluted by ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, at the same time of controlling the external emission, the endogenous load can not be ignored. (3) The average value of the ammonification rate and the potential nitrification rate of the surface sediment of the Youyang River was 4.30. m u.g N/ (g 路 h) and 0.152. m u.g N/ (g 路 h), respectively, which was about 28 times the latter. Compared with other research results, the changes of the ammoniation rate and PNR of the Biyang River are large, and have obvious spatial difference. The adsorption kinetic process of the surface sediment NH4 +-N is in accordance with the parabolic diffusion model and the modified Elovich model, which includes two stages of rapid adsorption and adsorption equilibrium, the former is completed in the first 120 minutes, and then the adsorption equilibrium is gradually achieved. In the low concentration, the isothermal adsorption curves of the NH4 +-N on the surface sediments of the Biyang River meet the Henry model, the fitting degree of the sediment is extremely remarkable, and the adsorption and desorption equilibrium concentration of the sediment is between 0.55 and 26.15 mg/ L, and the background adsorption amount of the sediment is between 8.181 and 402.68 mg/ kg. In addition to S07, the effect of the Langmuir isotherm equilibrium adsorption model is good, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the sediment to the NH4 +-N is between 429.10 and 1162.60 mg/ kg. The Freundlich model could not fit the data. The desorption of NH _ 4 +-N is similar to that of the adsorption kinetics, but it takes 6 h to achieve the adsorption equilibrium. In addition to S07, the rest of the points can be fitted with a first-order kinetic equation. In addition, the variation range of the equilibrium desorption amount of each point is 36.50 to 400.59 mg/ kg. The equilibrium desorption amount of the surface sediments of the Yangyang River has a certain correlation with the TN, NH4 +-N and C/ N values.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52
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