【摘要】：本文通過ICP-OES法分析銅陵某礦區(qū)內(nèi)楊樹(populus simonii Carr.var.przewalskii(Maxim.)H.L.Yang)和泡桐(Paulownia tomentosa(Thunb.)Steud)內(nèi)不同部位重金屬鎘、鋅、銅的含量,結合盆栽模擬實驗,研究和討論了楊樹和泡桐對三種重金屬的吸收差異特征,并著重研究了楊樹對重金屬鎘的吸收和分布特征,為楊樹應用于鎘污染土壤的治理提供了依據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)支持。實驗結果表明:礦區(qū)土壤中鎘、鋅、銅的含量超過當?shù)氐耐寥辣尘爸?礦區(qū)堆填區(qū)附近的土壤中,重金屬的含量隨著土壤深度的增加而降低。重金屬鋅在泡桐內(nèi)部的縱向分布規(guī)律為樹葉樹根樹枝樹干;銅在泡桐內(nèi)部的縱向分布規(guī)律為樹葉樹根樹枝樹干;重金屬鎘在泡桐體內(nèi)各器官的分布規(guī)律為樹根樹干樹枝樹葉。重金屬鋅在楊樹內(nèi)部的縱向分布規(guī)律為樹葉樹枝樹干樹根,銅在楊樹內(nèi)部的縱向分布規(guī)律為樹根樹枝樹葉樹干,重金屬鎘在楊樹體內(nèi)各器官的分布規(guī)律為樹葉樹根樹枝樹干。重金屬鎘在楊樹干的含量隨著高度的增加而降低,靠近樹根的部位鎘含量最高。在盆栽模擬實驗中我們得出的結論與之完全一致,在鎘濃度一致的土壤中,鎘在楊樹葉中的含量最高,樹干中的鎘含量隨著高度的增加而降低,樹干的頂部鎘含量最低。同種元素在楊樹內(nèi)部不同器官中的含量各不相同,但三種重金屬在楊樹樹干各部位中的含量雖有不同,縱向的分布規(guī)律卻基本一致,重金屬的含量隨著樹干縱向高的增加而逐漸降低。重金屬鎘在楊樹內(nèi)部的徑向分布規(guī)律為樹皮心材邊材,盆栽模擬實驗得到的結論與之并不完全一致,鎘濃度的徑向分布規(guī)律為樹皮邊材心材,兩次實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn),樹皮中的鎘含量始終是最高的。楊樹干內(nèi)三種重金屬的含量鋅銅鎘;泡桐樹干中為鋅銅鎘,樹木同一部位對重金屬的富集能力因重金屬的種類而存在很大的差異。樹木對同種重金屬元素的富集能力因樹木種類和部位的不同而存在顯著的差異。楊樹內(nèi)各部位對鎘的富集系數(shù)均大于0.12,樹葉對鎘的富集系數(shù)達到0.5以上,葉片中的鎘含量最高可達878.26mg/kg。而泡桐內(nèi)部各器官對鎘的富集系數(shù)低于0.04,樹枝部位的鎘含量最低,富集系數(shù)為0.03,鎘含量為0.092mg/kg。楊樹各部位對鋅的富集系數(shù)均大于0.8,泡桐對鋅的富集系數(shù)均小于0.1,遠低于楊樹。而楊樹對銅的富集系數(shù)大于0.1,泡桐各部位對銅的富集系數(shù)大于0.4。楊樹對鎘和鋅的富集能力強于泡桐,對銅的富集能力弱于泡桐。土壤中鎘濃度的升高會對楊樹對重金屬鎘的富集能力產(chǎn)生抑制,盆栽模擬實驗中,空白對照的樹木對鎘的富集系數(shù)達到10以上,隨著土壤中施加的鎘濃度的增加,楊樹對鎘的富集系數(shù)逐漸降低,當土壤中的鎘含量達到50mg/kg時,楊樹對土壤中的鎘的富集系數(shù)明顯降低,土壤鎘含量達到100mg/kg時,楊樹對鎘的富集系數(shù)達到0.5以下。不同樹木對不同重金屬的轉運能力也有所不同,泡桐對銅的轉運系數(shù)均高于1,而楊樹對銅的轉運系數(shù)低于0.35,泡桐將銅從根部轉移至其余各部位的能力是楊樹的3倍左右。鋅在楊樹內(nèi)各部位的轉運系數(shù)均高于0.9,泡桐內(nèi)各部位對鋅的轉運系數(shù)高于0.3,泡桐雖然對銅的轉運能力強于楊樹,但對鋅的轉運能力卻比楊樹差。楊樹各部位內(nèi)鎘的轉運系數(shù)均高于0.5,而泡桐對鎘的轉運系數(shù)低于0.25,重金屬鎘在楊樹內(nèi)部的遷移能力是在泡桐中的2倍。泡桐樹葉中不同重金屬轉運系數(shù)之間的關系為鋅銅鎘,楊樹葉中不同重金屬的轉運系數(shù)間的關系為鋅鎘銅。鋅在楊樹和泡桐的樹葉中遷移性最高,鎘在楊樹中的轉移能力比在泡桐中強,銅在泡桐中的遷移能力比在楊樹中的強。在盆栽模擬實驗中,隨著土壤中施加的鎘濃度的變化,楊樹各樣本之間對鎘的轉運系數(shù)變化不大,當土壤中施加的鎘濃度達到5mg/kg時,楊樹樹干部位對鎘的轉運系數(shù)在0.7~1.5之間浮動,當土壤中的鎘濃度達到100mg/kg時,楊樹對鎘的轉運系數(shù)仍舊在0.7~1.0之間浮動,土壤中鎘濃度的增加對楊樹轉移鎘的能力并未產(chǎn)生明顯的抑制作用�？傮w來看,楊樹比泡桐更加適合應用在治理鎘污染土壤的過程中。
[Abstract]:In this paper, by means of ICP-OES, the contents of heavy metals, zinc and copper in different parts of a mining area of Tongling were analyzed by means of ICP-OES, the contents of zinc and copper in different parts of Poulus simonii Carr.var.przewalskii (Maxim.) H. L. Yang) and Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud were analyzed. The characteristics of the absorption and distribution of the heavy metal salt of poplar are studied, and the basis and data support for the application of the poplar to the treatment of soil polluted by the soil are provided. The results show that the content of iron, zinc and copper in the soil of the mining area exceeds the local soil background value, and the content of the heavy metal in the soil near the filling area of the mining area decreases with the increase of the depth of the soil. The longitudinal distribution of heavy metal zinc in the interior of the paulownia is the tree trunk of the root of the leaves; the longitudinal distribution of the copper in the interior of the paulownia is the tree trunk of the tree root; the distribution of the heavy metal zinc in the organs of the paulownia is the branch of the branch of the tree root. The longitudinal distribution of the heavy metal zinc in the poplar is the tree root of the branch of the leaves, the longitudinal distribution of the copper in the poplar is the tree trunk of the tree root, and the distribution of the heavy metal zinc in the body of the poplar is the tree trunk of the tree root. The content of the heavy metal salt in the trunk of the poplar is decreased with the increase of the height, and the content of the heavy metal salt near the root of the tree root is the highest. In the experiment of pot experiment, we concluded that the content of the tree trunk is the highest in the soil with the same concentration, and the content of the water in the trunk is lower with the increase of the height, and the content of the top of the trunk is the lowest. The content of the same elements in different organs of the poplar is different, but the content of the three heavy metals in different parts of the trunk of the poplar is different, the distribution law of the longitudinal direction is basically the same, and the content of the heavy metal is gradually reduced with the increase of the longitudinal height of the trunk. The radial distribution of heavy metal in the interior of the poplar is the bark core material. The result of the pot experiment is not exactly the same as that of the bark. The radial distribution of the bark concentration is the core material of the bark. In the two experiments, the content of the bark in the bark is always the highest. The content of the three heavy metals in the trunk of the poplar tree is as follows: the content of the three heavy metals in the trunk of the poplar is the same as that of the zinc and the copper, and the concentration of the heavy metal in the same part of the tree is very different due to the type of the heavy metal. The enrichment ability of the tree to the same heavy metal element has a significant difference due to the different species and parts of the tree. The enrichment factor of each part of the poplar is more than 0.12, the enrichment factor of the leaves to the leaf is more than 0.5, and the enrichment factor of the leaves in the leaves is up to 878.26 mg/ kg. The enrichment factor of the internal organs of Paulownia was lower than that of 0.04, the content of the enrichment of the branch was the lowest, the enrichment factor was 0.03, and the content of selenium was 0.092 mg/ kg. The concentration factor of zinc in all parts of poplar is more than 0.8, and the enrichment factor of paulownia to zinc is less than 0.1, which is far lower than that of poplar. And the enrichment factor of the poplar to the copper is more than 0.1, and the enrichment factor of each part of the paulownia to the copper is greater than 0.4. The enrichment ability of poplar to iron and zinc is stronger than that of Paulownia, and the enrichment ability of the copper is weaker than that of Paulownia. The concentration of the poplar in the soil can be restrained by the enrichment ability of the heavy metal salt of the poplar. In the pot experiment, the enrichment factor of the trees in the blank control reaches more than 10, and the accumulation coefficient of the poplar is gradually reduced with the increase of the concentration of the soil applied in the soil. When the content of the soil in the soil reaches 50 mg/ kg, the enrichment factor of the poplar in the soil is obviously reduced, and the enrichment factor of the poplar to the soil reaches below 0.5 when the soil moisture content reaches 100 mg/ kg. The transport capacity of different trees to different heavy metals is also different, and the transport coefficient of paulownia to copper is higher than 1, while the transport coefficient of the poplar to copper is lower than 0.35, and the capacity of the paulownia to transfer the copper from the root to the rest is about 3 times that of the poplar. The transport coefficient of zinc in all parts of poplar was higher than that of 0.9, and the transport coefficient of zinc in all parts of Paulownia was higher than that of 0.3, while the transport capacity of Paulownia was stronger than that of poplar, but the transport capacity of zinc was lower than that of poplar. The transport coefficient of the poplar in each part of the poplar is higher than 0.5, while the transport coefficient of the paulownia to the poplar is lower than 0.25, and the migration capacity of the heavy metal salt in the poplar is 2 times that of the paulownia. The relationship between the transport factors of different heavy metals in the leaves of the pajatropha curcas leaves is a zinc-copper-copper alloy, and the relationship between the transport coefficients of the different heavy metals in the poplar leaves is zinc and copper. The migration of zinc in the leaves of the poplar and paulownia is the highest, the transfer capacity of the copper in the poplar is stronger than that of the paulownia, and the migration capacity of the copper in the paulownia is higher than that of the poplar. In the experiment of pot experiment, with the change of the concentration of the soil applied in the soil, the transfer coefficient of the poplar between the samples is not great, and when the concentration of the water applied in the soil reaches 5 mg/ kg, the transport coefficient of the trunk part of the poplar is floating between 0.7 and 1.5. When the concentration of the soil in the soil reaches 100 mg/ kg, the transport coefficient of the poplar is still between 0.7 and 1.0, and the increase of the concentration of the water in the soil has no obvious effect on the ability of the poplar to transfer. In general, the poplar is more suitable for use in the process of treating and polluting the soil than the paulownia.
【學位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X173

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