大連市售水產(chǎn)品重金屬含量特征及其暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-17 12:03
【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著大連沿海臨港工業(yè)的高速發(fā)展,周邊城鎮(zhèn)生活污水和工業(yè)廢水排放入海,致使海洋環(huán)境日趨惡化;同時(shí),淡水湖泊、河流、水庫(kù)等水體,也因工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)受到了各類污染物的威脅。重金屬因其特殊的理化特性及毒性效應(yīng)表現(xiàn)出高度的危害性和難治理性,已成為威脅我國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)和食品安全的主要因素之一。本文通過(guò)對(duì)大連市民水產(chǎn)品消費(fèi)情況進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,統(tǒng)計(jì)居民日常消費(fèi)水產(chǎn)品的種類及消費(fèi)量,在魚、蝦、蟹、貝、藻、棘皮、環(huán)節(jié)類中篩選出典型的種類。通過(guò)采集典型水產(chǎn)品樣本,檢測(cè)其體內(nèi)Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg、As 5種重金屬含量,分析不同重金屬在各類水產(chǎn)品中的含量特征。依據(jù)限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)水產(chǎn)品重金屬污染水平做出評(píng)估,并分析我市居民食用水產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)致重金屬暴露的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)問(wèn)卷調(diào)查的主要結(jié)果:確定了市民主要選取的水產(chǎn)品,其中海水魚為鲅、帶魚、大黃魚、小黃魚、褐牙鲆、孔鰩;淡水魚為鯽、鯉、草魚、鰱;甲殼類為中華管鞭蝦、刀額新對(duì)蝦、中國(guó)對(duì)蝦、口蝦蛄、遠(yuǎn)海梭子蟹、三疣梭子蟹、中華絨螯蟹;貝類為長(zhǎng)牡蠣、蝦夷扇貝、縊蟶、中國(guó)槍烏賊;藻類為海帶、紫菜;棘皮類為刺參、馬糞海膽,環(huán)節(jié)類為單環(huán)刺嚑。各類水產(chǎn)品每周消費(fèi)量為:淡水魚0.19kg、海水魚0.229 kg、蝦類0.184 kg、蟹類0.163 kg、貝類0.185 kg、藻類0.13 kg、棘皮、環(huán)節(jié)類為0.114 kg。(2)水產(chǎn)品重金屬含量的主要特征:海水魚體內(nèi)Cu含量小于淡水魚,其他4種重金屬含量均大于淡水魚。這種差異受到魚類的來(lái)源及食性的影響。孔鰩作為近海捕撈的肉食性魚類,在四種不同來(lái)源的魚類中,其體內(nèi)Cd、Hg、Pb含量最高;在三種不同食性的魚類中,其體內(nèi)Hg含量最高。蝦、蟹等甲殼類Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg含量存在顯著性差異,其中口蝦蛄體內(nèi)Cu、Cd、Pb含量最高,蟹類體內(nèi)Hg含量最高。貝類Cu、Cd、As含量存在顯著性差異,其長(zhǎng)牡蠣體內(nèi)Cu、Cd含量最高,縊蟶體內(nèi)As含量最高。藻類樣品中,紫菜為干制品,其體內(nèi)5種重金屬含量均高于鮮海帶。刺參、馬糞海膽、單環(huán)刺嚑三種樣品,Cu、Hg含量存在顯著性差異,其中單環(huán)刺嚑體內(nèi)Cu含量最高,馬糞海膽體內(nèi)Hg含量最高。單一重金屬在不同大類水產(chǎn)品中的含量分析結(jié)果為:不同類水產(chǎn)品Cu、Hg、As、Cd含量存在顯著性差異,其中甲殼類體內(nèi)Cu、Hg、As含量最大,貝類體內(nèi)Cd含量最大。(3)污染水平與暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià):1)重金屬超標(biāo)情況:本次選取的所有水產(chǎn)品Cu和Hg的檢出值均未超過(guò)限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但各類水產(chǎn)品Cd、Pb、As的檢出含量存在不同程度超標(biāo)。2)耐受量評(píng)價(jià):食用孔鰩導(dǎo)致人體每周Hg攝入量的最大值與PTWI比大于1;食用長(zhǎng)牡蠣導(dǎo)致人體每周Cd攝入量的最大值與PTWI比大于1,食用其他水產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)致各種重金屬每周攝入量的最大值與PTWI比均小于1。3)非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià):貝類的非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)危害商數(shù)值(ΣTHQ)明顯大于其他六類水產(chǎn)品,牡蠣HQ(Cd)的含量值最大,5種元素的THQ值由高到低依次為AsCdPbCuHg。本研究認(rèn)為,為降低人體Hg、Cd的暴露風(fēng)險(xiǎn),建議我市居民孔鰩的每周食用量應(yīng)控制在0.2kg以下,長(zhǎng)牡蠣的每周食用量應(yīng)低于0.15kg。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the high-speed development of the port industry in the coastal city of Dalian, the domestic sewage and industrial waste water in the surrounding towns and towns are discharged into the sea, so that the marine environment is getting worse and worse; at the same time, the freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs and other water bodies are also threatened by various pollutants due to the industrial and agricultural production activities. Heavy metal has become one of the main factors that threaten the environmental protection and food safety in China because of its special physical and chemical properties and its toxicity. In this paper, through a questionnaire survey on the consumption of aquatic products in Dalian, the species and consumption of the daily consumption aquatic products of the residents are counted, and the typical species are selected in the fish, the shrimp, the crab, the shellfish, the algae, the echinoderm and the link class. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the samples of typical aquatic products were collected, and the contents of different heavy metals in various aquatic products were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution level of the aquatic products is evaluated according to the limit standard, and the risk of heavy metal exposure caused by the edible aquatic products of the residents in our city is analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The main results of the questionnaire are as follows: (1) The main results of the survey are as follows: the main selection of the aquatic products is determined: the sea water fish is a fish, a fish, a big yellow fish, a small yellow fish, a brown tooth, a hole, a freshwater fish is a crucian carp, a carp, a grass carp and a fish, and the crustacean is a Chinese pipe whip and a new prawn, The penaeus chinensis, the shrimp, the far-sea shed, the three-legged crab, the Chinese velvet and the crab, the shellfish are the long-term oyster, the shrimp, the scallop, the oyster, the Chinese shooting cuttlefish, the algae is the kelp, the laver, the echinoderm is the stichopus japonicus, the horse dung sea urchin, the link is a single-ring thorn. The weekly consumption of all kinds of aquatic products is: 0.19 kg of freshwater fish, 0.229 kg of sea water fish, 0.184 kg of shrimp, 0.163 kg of crab, 0.185 kg of shellfish, 0.13 kg of algae, and 0.114 kg of acanthosis. (2) The main characteristics of the heavy metal content of the aquatic products: the content of Cu in the marine fish is less than that of the freshwater fish, and the content of the other four heavy metals is greater than that of the freshwater fish. This difference is influenced by the source and the feeding habits of the fish. The content of Cd, Hg and Pb in the fish of four different sources is the highest among the three different kinds of fish, and the Hg content in the fish is the highest in the three different kinds of fish. The content of Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the shrimp and crab was the highest, and the content of Hg in the crab was the highest. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu, Cd and As in the shellfish, the contents of Cu and Cd in the long-term oyster were the highest, and the contents of As in the body were the highest. In the algae sample, the laver is a dry product, and the content of the five heavy metals in the algae is higher than that of the fresh kelp. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu and Hg in the three samples of Apostichopus japonicus, Manure Urchin, and single-ring spiny. The content of Cu and Hg in the single ring was the highest, and the content of Hg in the sea urchin was the highest. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Hg, As and Cd in different kinds of aquatic products were significant, and the contents of Cu, Hg and As in the crustacean were the most, and the content of Cd in the shellfish was the most. (3) Pollution level and exposure risk evaluation:1) The heavy metal exceeds the standard: the detection value of all the aquatic products Cu and Hg is not more than the limit standard, but the detected contents of Cd, Pb and As in all kinds of aquatic products are in different degrees. The maximum value of the weekly Hg intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1; the maximum value of the weekly Cd intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1, and the edible other aquatic products cause the maximum value of the weekly daily intake of various heavy metals and the PTWI ratio to be less than 1.3) and the non-carcinogenic risk evaluation is as follows: The value of the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HTHQ) of the shellfish is significantly higher than that of the other six aquatic products, the content value of the oyster HQ (Cd) is the largest, and the THQ value of the five elements is as high as low as AsCdPbCuHg. In order to reduce the exposure risk of Hg and Cd in the human body, it is suggested that the weekly food consumption of the residents in the city should be controlled below 0.2kg, and the weekly food consumption of the long-term oyster should be less than 0.15kg.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X56;X820.4
本文編號(hào)：2500974
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the high-speed development of the port industry in the coastal city of Dalian, the domestic sewage and industrial waste water in the surrounding towns and towns are discharged into the sea, so that the marine environment is getting worse and worse; at the same time, the freshwater lakes, rivers, reservoirs and other water bodies are also threatened by various pollutants due to the industrial and agricultural production activities. Heavy metal has become one of the main factors that threaten the environmental protection and food safety in China because of its special physical and chemical properties and its toxicity. In this paper, through a questionnaire survey on the consumption of aquatic products in Dalian, the species and consumption of the daily consumption aquatic products of the residents are counted, and the typical species are selected in the fish, the shrimp, the crab, the shellfish, the algae, the echinoderm and the link class. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg and As in the samples of typical aquatic products were collected, and the contents of different heavy metals in various aquatic products were analyzed. The heavy metal pollution level of the aquatic products is evaluated according to the limit standard, and the risk of heavy metal exposure caused by the edible aquatic products of the residents in our city is analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The main results of the questionnaire are as follows: (1) The main results of the survey are as follows: the main selection of the aquatic products is determined: the sea water fish is a fish, a fish, a big yellow fish, a small yellow fish, a brown tooth, a hole, a freshwater fish is a crucian carp, a carp, a grass carp and a fish, and the crustacean is a Chinese pipe whip and a new prawn, The penaeus chinensis, the shrimp, the far-sea shed, the three-legged crab, the Chinese velvet and the crab, the shellfish are the long-term oyster, the shrimp, the scallop, the oyster, the Chinese shooting cuttlefish, the algae is the kelp, the laver, the echinoderm is the stichopus japonicus, the horse dung sea urchin, the link is a single-ring thorn. The weekly consumption of all kinds of aquatic products is: 0.19 kg of freshwater fish, 0.229 kg of sea water fish, 0.184 kg of shrimp, 0.163 kg of crab, 0.185 kg of shellfish, 0.13 kg of algae, and 0.114 kg of acanthosis. (2) The main characteristics of the heavy metal content of the aquatic products: the content of Cu in the marine fish is less than that of the freshwater fish, and the content of the other four heavy metals is greater than that of the freshwater fish. This difference is influenced by the source and the feeding habits of the fish. The content of Cd, Hg and Pb in the fish of four different sources is the highest among the three different kinds of fish, and the Hg content in the fish is the highest in the three different kinds of fish. The content of Cu, Cd, Pb and Hg in the shrimp and crab was the highest, and the content of Hg in the crab was the highest. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu, Cd and As in the shellfish, the contents of Cu and Cd in the long-term oyster were the highest, and the contents of As in the body were the highest. In the algae sample, the laver is a dry product, and the content of the five heavy metals in the algae is higher than that of the fresh kelp. There was a significant difference in the contents of Cu and Hg in the three samples of Apostichopus japonicus, Manure Urchin, and single-ring spiny. The content of Cu and Hg in the single ring was the highest, and the content of Hg in the sea urchin was the highest. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Hg, As and Cd in different kinds of aquatic products were significant, and the contents of Cu, Hg and As in the crustacean were the most, and the content of Cd in the shellfish was the most. (3) Pollution level and exposure risk evaluation:1) The heavy metal exceeds the standard: the detection value of all the aquatic products Cu and Hg is not more than the limit standard, but the detected contents of Cd, Pb and As in all kinds of aquatic products are in different degrees. The maximum value of the weekly Hg intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1; the maximum value of the weekly Cd intake of the human body and the PTWI ratio of the edible long oyster are greater than 1, and the edible other aquatic products cause the maximum value of the weekly daily intake of various heavy metals and the PTWI ratio to be less than 1.3) and the non-carcinogenic risk evaluation is as follows: The value of the non-carcinogenic risk hazard quotient (HTHQ) of the shellfish is significantly higher than that of the other six aquatic products, the content value of the oyster HQ (Cd) is the largest, and the THQ value of the five elements is as high as low as AsCdPbCuHg. In order to reduce the exposure risk of Hg and Cd in the human body, it is suggested that the weekly food consumption of the residents in the city should be controlled below 0.2kg, and the weekly food consumption of the long-term oyster should be less than 0.15kg.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X56;X820.4
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 王紹芳,魏明瑞,林景星;大連灣近100年來(lái)重金屬污染度的演變[J];地學(xué)前緣;2002年03期
，本文編號(hào)：2500974
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